Discussion in this Podcast offers a comprehensive overview of RSA encryption, a foundational public-key cryptosystem invented by Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman. Discussion explains its historical context, including its independent discovery by Clifford Cocks and its critical role in solving the key distribution problem. The texts detail the intricate mathematical principles behind RSA, particularly modular arithmetic and prime factorization, and outline the step-by-step processes of key generation, encryption, decryption, and digital signing. Crucially, it addresses RSA's vulnerabilities arising from implementation flaws and the existential threat posed by quantum computing via Shor's algorithm, ultimately describing the transition to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) as the future of secure communication.