Revolutionary movements in Russia existed before the Bolsheviks. We explore the various groups attempting to topple the Tsar and lift the peasantry out of dire conditions. Notably and beginning in the 1860s: the Narodniks. Your hosts are Julian Feeld and Jon Gabrus.

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Research and writing by Cooter Jones. Editing by Ty Wood. Theme song by Thiago França. Cover art by Ruben Gerard. Super Structure selection of the week is Program by Silver Apples.

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Bibliography

• Roots of Revolution: A History of the Populist and Socialist Movements in 19" Century Russia by Franco Venturi
• Peasant Economy, Culture, and Politics of European Russia, -- Esther Kingston-Mann (editor), Timothy Mixter (editor)
• Alexander Herzen and the Birth of Russian Socialism, --by Martin E Malia
• The Oxford History of Russia, Volume 2
• Russian Populism: A History by Christopher Ely
• The Russian Socialist Revolutionary Party Before the First World War by Manfred Hildemeier
• The Socialist Alternative to Bolshevik Russia - The Socialist Revolutionary Party 1921-1939 by Elizabeth White
• New Mecca, New Babylon: Paris and the Russian Exiles, 1920-1945 by Robert H Johnston