In her second talk, Lehmann focuses on the establishment of the dichotomy between somatic and germ line fate. She explains how Drosophila germ cells develop to become so different from the somatic cells that make up the rest of the embryo. Germ cell development depends solely on maternal transcripts from the egg, while development of the soma depends on new zygotic transcription.  Lehmann describes how two different molecular strategies, precise spatially controlled protein degradation and complete interference with the mRNA transcriptional elongation process, are employed to prevent somatic differentiation, thus allowing germ cell specific gene expression to occur.