On the crater of Bud Dajo in Sulu, a brutal massacre of Moros sparks outrage… and a cover-up from colonial authorities eager to package its troops as heroes.

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References:

Charbonneau, Oliver (2021). Civilizational Imperatives: Americans, Moros, and the Colonial World. (Philippine Edition.) Ateneo de Manila University Press.

Sanford, Wayne (May 1982). “Battle of Bud Dajo: 6 March 1906.” Indiana Military History Journal, 7(2). Indiana Historical Society.

Hawkins, Michael (March 2011). “Managing a Massacre: Savagery, Civility, and Gender in Moro Province in the Wake of Bud Dajo.” Philippine Studies, 59(1), 83-105. Ateneo de Manila University.

Niedermeier, Silvan (April 2017). “Intimacy and Annihilation: Approaching the Enforcement of U.S. Colonial Rule in the Southern Philippines through a Private Photograph Collection.” InVisible Culture: An Electronic Journal for Visual Culture, 25.