This is an episode focused on ME4 Chapter 18 (Stratification and Standardization). This is a pretty formula-heavy chapter and I’m sure all of our listeners are tuning in to hear Matt’s voice read them to you: “The sum of M1i times T0i….”. So sorry to disappoint, but instead, we focused this issue on big picture conceptual issues discussed in the chapter. Matt and Hailey talk about the importance of stratification, compare pooling and standardization, discuss Mantel Haenszel and maximum likelihood estimation, and then finish the episode talking about homogeneity and heterogeneity.