It’s the beginning of the Spanish reign, and Manila is prime real estate in the eyes of the sea-going empires, including Japan. In the Edo court, the Japanese plan the invasion of the Philippines—three hundred years early.

Follow us on IG: @thecolonialdept

Email us: [email protected]

References:

Ka Yin Chan, Caspar (2022). “Revisiting the Battle of Macau in 1622: A Polyphonic Narrative.” The Newsletter (Autumn 2022), International Institute for Asian Studies.

Turnbull, Stephen (2016). "Wars and Rumours of Wars: Japanese Plans to Invade the Philippines, 1593–1637.” Naval War College Review 69(4).

“The Fall of the Arima Clan and the Crackdown on Christianity.” In Light and Shadow: Christian History, Resurrected. https://christian-nagasaki.jp/en/

Barthell, W. “Matsukara Shigemasa.” In Sengokujidai.org.