With war looming against the Axis powers, the Nazi party tries to exert its influence on the small community of Germans and Jews who lived in the Philippines. How did we fight back against the antisemitism?

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References:

Weston, Nathaniel Parker (2021). Specters of Germany: Colonial Rivalry and Scholarship in the Philippine Reform Movement & Revolution. Ateneo de Manila Press.

Ephraim, Frank (2008). Escape to Manila: From Nazi Tyranny to Japanese Terror. University of Illinois Press.

Gopal, Lou (2014 January 28). “Manila Germans and the German Club.” Manila Nostalgia. http://www.lougopal.com/manila/?p=1869

Kotlowski, Dean J. (November 2009). “Breaching the Paper Walls: Paul V. McNutt and Jewish Refugees to the Philippines, 1938-1939.” Diplomatic History 33(5), 865-896.

Krebs, Gerhard (2015 January 1). “Racism Under Negotiation: The Japanese Race in the Nazi-German Perspective.” In Race and Racism in Modern East Asia, Brill.

Kowner, Rotem (2017). “When economics, strategy, and racial ideology meet: inter-Axis connections in the wartime Indian Ocean.” Journal of Global History 12, 228-250.

Aluit, Alfonso J. (1994). By Sword and Fire: The Destruction of Manila in World War II, 3 February - 3 March 1945. Bookmark, Inc.

Scott, James M. (2018). Rampage: MacArthur, Yamashita, and the Battle of Manila. W. W. Norton & Company.

Audio from German newsreels from Pathe and British Movietone. Audio of Kristallnacht survivors from The Atlantic. Audio of the Nanjing Massacre survivor from the Shoah Foundation.