Through extortion, occupation, and “tribute”, the Spanish conquistadors in the Philippines get to work looting and plundering that most precious of all metals: gold. 

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References:

Sitoy, T. Valentino, Jr. (1985). A History of Christianity in the Philippines: The Initial Encounter, Vol. 1. New Day Publishers.

Newson, Linda A. (2011). Conquest & Pestilence in the Early Spanish Philippines. Ateneo de Manila University Press.

Capistrano-Baker, Florina H.; Guy, John; Miksic, John N. (eds.) (2012). Philippine Ancestral Gold. Ayala Foundation and NUS Press.

Estrella, Victor (29 November 2016). “Ancient Tagalog Goldworking Technology from  Fray San Buenaventura’s Vocabulario de Lengua Tagala: Integrating Archaeological, Linguistic, and Ethnohistoric Data.” Hukay, 20, p. 47-78.

“Reply to Fray Rada’s Opinion,” (1574) in In Blair, Emma Helen, and Robertson, James Alexander (eds.), The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 (Vol. 3), Arthur H. Clark Company.

Habana, Olivia M. (2000). “Gold Mining in Benguet to 1898.” Philippine Studies, 48(4), p. 455-487.

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (undated). “Pre-colonial Gold and Pottery Collection.” Museo ng Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. 

Ocampo, Ambeth (17 May 2012). “Living in a golden age.” Inquirer.net https://opinion.inquirer.net/28895/living-in-a-golden-age

“A Golden Discovery in the Philippines.” (11 September 2015). Asia Society. https://asiasociety.org/blog/asia/golden-discovery-philippines