This episode introduces fundamental concepts in algorithms and pseudocode, starting with a review of common symbols and keywords used in programming logic. It defines various data types like integer, real, Boolean, character, and string, explaining their purpose and providing examples. The podcast then clarifies comparison operators and Boolean expressions, demonstrating how they evaluate to true or false. Finally, it elaborates on programming constructs, including sequence, selection (if/else and switch/case), and iteration (for, while, and do/until loops), offering pseudocode examples for each to illustrate their application in algorithm design.