This research investigated the durability of SARS-CoV-2 specific plasma cells generated after mRNA vaccination by examining bone marrow samples. The study found that, unlike influenza and tetanus, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody secreting cells were largely absent from the long-lived plasma cell compartment in the bone marrow up to 33 months post-vaccination. Consequently, the waning of SARS-CoV-2 serum antibodies observed after vaccination could be attributed to this lack of establishment in the long lived compartment. The findings suggest that mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 do not induce the same durable plasma cell response in bone marrow as traditional vaccines, offering a potential explanation for the relatively short-livedprotection against infection. This highlights the need for strategies to improve the longevity of antibody responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Research paper:

Nguyen, D.C., Hentenaar, I.T., Morrison-Porter, A. et al. SARS CoV-2-specific plasma cells are not durably established in the bone marrow long-lived compartment after mRNA vaccination. Nat Med 31, 235–244 (2025).

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