For Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), wisdom is an effect from philosophy. John Vespasian explains that, according to Schopenhauer, wisdom is a practical outcome from philosophical study, especially from the study of the will (“life force”), which he regarded as the driving force of living creatures. In his book “The world as will and representation” (1818), Schopenhauer outlined his theory of the will and analysed its implications. The more you study the will, the higher your self-awareness and self-reliance, which constitute the basis for all wisdom. What are Schopenhauer’s recipes for acquiring wisdom? He drew some of those recipes from Eastern philosophy, after his study of Buddhism and Hinduism in the period 1808 to 1820. Compassion and empathy belong to Schopenhauer’s concept of wisdom. He held those virtues in high regard because they help practitioners connect to other people, and escape the harsh pressure exerted by the will. Here is the link to the original article: https://johnvespasian.com/schopenhauers-views-on-wisdom/