In this second episode of the shareholder litigation series on Organized: The Business Law Breakdown, Professor Seth C. Oranburg delves into the critical distinctions between direct and derivative shareholder actions. Learn how direct suits address personal harms to shareholders, such as reliance on material misstatements under securities laws, while derivative actions tackle injuries to the corporation itself, often involving breaches of fiduciary duties like loyalty and care. The discussion explores procedural hurdles, including standing requirements (e.g., continuous share ownership) and the demand futility test from the Zuckerberg case, which assesses director benefits, liability risks, and independence. Through relatable analogies, hypotheticals, and insights into agency problems, Professor Oranburg illustrates how these mechanisms balance accountability with corporate efficiency. Emerging trends, such as SEC cyber disclosure rules, highlight evolving complexities. Ideal for law students, business owners, and corporate professionals, this episode provides practical checklists and builds toward a full civil procedure playbook for shareholder disputes.