FACT: Statistically, only 1 in 11.5 million people are bitten by sharks each year, a rare occurrence that contrasts sharply with the fearsome reputation sharks have in popular culture. FICTION: Hollywood often portrays sharks as relentless man-eaters, lurking in the waters to attack unsuspecting swimmers. Join host Kasha Patel as she dives into the reality of shark attacks, debunking myths with Behavioral Ecologist Dr. Tristian Guttridge and shark attack victim turned advocate Paul de Gelder. 

• Dr. Tristian Guttridge - Dr. Tristian Guttridge 
• Paul de Gelder - Paul de Gelder 
• Shark Bite Statistics - Florida Museum 
• Type of Shark Bites -  Florida Museum 
• Shark Arm Murder - Sydney Archives 
• Shark Arm Murder - Snopes  
• Shark Senses - NAUSICCAA 
• Shark Incidents - Scuba Costa Rica 
• Freshwater and bull sharks - Apex 
• Reduce Risk - Florida Museum 

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FACT: Marine ecologists have shown that sharks play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ocean ecosystems, preventing the collapse of marine biodiversity. FICTION: A world without sharks would have no impact on ocean life. Join host Kasha Patel as she dives into the latest research on the ecological importance of sharks, exploring the potential consequences of their decline with Dr. Tiara Moore, a marine ecologist and CEO of Black and Marine Science.  

• Dr. Tiara Moore  - Dr. Tiara Moore 
• Global Shark FIshing - Science.org 
• Sharks Killed Each Year - Sentient Media 
• The Importance of Shark Conservation - Discovery Channel 
• Surprising Ways Sharks Keep The Ocean Healthy - National Geographic 
• Keystone Species - National Geographic 
• Keystone Species - NRDC.org 
• Ecosystem Engineers - NPS.gov 
• Shark Conservation  - Discovery.org 
• Overfishing and Shark-finning - The Conversation 
• Sharks Are Important to Reefs - Discovery Channel  
• Overfishing - Science20.com 
• Effects of Shark Decline - Marine Life Discoveries - coml.org 

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FACT: Marine biologists have documented the peculiar characteristics and survival strategies of deep-sea sharks such as the cookiecutter, goblin, and megamouth. FICTION: Alien sharks are extraterrestrial creatures that have come to Earth to observe human activity. Join host Kasha Patel as she dives into the latest research on these bizarre deep-sea sharks, exploring their unique adaptations and ecological roles with Dr. Austin Gallagher a marine biologist and explorer who is founder and CEO of the marine research institute, Beneath The Waves. 

• Dr. Austin Gallagher  - Dr. Austin Gallagher 
• Michael Race Times - World Aquatics PR Records 
• Hammerhead Sharks - National Geographic 
• Ocean Depths - National Ocean Service 
• Alien Sharks - Discovery Channel  
• Alien Sharks: Return To The Abyss  - Discovery Channel  
• Frilled Shark - Oceana 
• Lantern Shark - Smithsonian 
• Goblin Shark - Florida Museum 
• Cookie Cutter Shark - Florida Natural History Museum 
• Wobbegong Shark - Smithsonian 
• Greenland Shark - National Ocean Service  
• Megamouth Shark - Department of Land and Natural Resources   
• Submarine Facts - US Navy 

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FACT: Paleontologists have unearthed fossils and analyzed bite marks to better understand the feeding habits and behaviors of the ancient Megalodon. FICTION: Megalodons still roam the deep oceans today, waiting to surprise unsuspecting swimmers. Join host Kasha Patel as she dives into the latest research on Megalodon, exploring its hunting strategies and ecological impact with Dr. Emma Kast who studied the nitrogen cycle and the megalodon.

Dr. Emma Kast - Dr. Emma Kast 

• Cenozoic Megatooth Sharks - Science Advances 
• The Megalodon - Natural History Museum  
• Megalodon teeth - San Diego Natural History Museum 
• Megalodon Facts  - Live Science 
• Analysis of the Fossil Record - PLOS.ORG 
• Why Megalodon Went Extinct - PBS Studios 
• Discovery - Megalodon: The New Evidence (2014) - Discovery Channel  
• Discovery - Megalodon: The Monster Shark Lives (2013)  - Discovery Channel 

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FACT: Scientists have studied and observed shark shivers to ascertain whether their social behavior is driven by mutual companionship or survival instincts. FICTION: Sharks go on roadtrips just like humans. Join host Kasha Patel as she delves into groundbreaking research on shark social behavior and chats with Dr. Yanis Papastamatou, the esteemed head of the Predatory Ecology and Conservation Lab at Florida International University. 

• Dr. Yanis Papastamatou - Dr. Yanis Papastamatou 
• How sharks choose their friends - Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation 
• Social preferences - University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (UM) and the Institute of Zoology at the Zoological Society London (ZSL)  
• Complex Social Networks - Advancing Earth and Space Sciences 
• Social Lives of Sharks - Florida International University 
• Shark Shiver Observations - Stanford University    
• Social Dynamics of Shark Hunting - Shark Project 
• Social Structures of Great Whites - Oceanographic 

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FACT: Sharks have been around longer than dinosaurs. We can make guesses and similarities and analogs of what could have happened, but we're never going to know how life started on Earth. FICTION: Sharks are aliens! Join host Kasha Patel as she traces the ancient origins of sharks, their evolution, their cultural significance, genetic insights, and theories about life's cosmic origins.

• Gavin Naylor - Gavin Naylor 
• Big Bang Hum - John G. Cramer,University of Washington 
• Shark Fossils - Florida Museum of Natural History 
• Shark Evolution - Natural History Museum  
• Shark Cultural Significance - Hakai Magazine 
• Shark Cultural Significance - History Collection 
• Fermi Paradox - Space.com 
• Fermi Paradox - Live Science 
• Alien Theories - National Geographic 

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FACT: Sharks can sense electrical currents in saltwater, where salt ions conduct electricity. This ability allows them to detect the electrical signals generated by the movement of animals, including potential prey...FICTION: In 1937, off the coast of Bondi Beach a shark read the thoughts of an environmental engineer. Your host, Kasha Patel, imagines how a shark could read a human’s mind and the science behind how they actually communicate.  

• Forrest Galante - Forrest Galante 
• The Shark Whisperer - Nautilus 
• Shark Senses - Shark Trust 
• Shark Senses - Hawaii Government Research 
• Blacktip Reef Shark  - Darmawan Mukharror and Dewi Susiloningtyas 
• White Shark Spy Hopping - Mark Graham 
• Animal Communication - PBS Nova 
• Jaws 4 | Tom and Jerry Trivia - IMDB 

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FACT: Some female sharks can reproduce without a fertilized egg; it’s a phenomenon called parthenogenesis. FICTION: A Coney Island fortune teller predicts a shark cloning miracle. Your host, Kasha Patel, imagines what would happen if spectators witnessed a shark give a virgin birth and explores the science behind the various ways sharks reproduce. 

• A full guide to shark reproduction and baby sharks by Gili Shark Conservation 
• Switch from sexual to parthenogenetic reproduction in a zebra shark by Christine L. Dudgeon, Laura Coulton, Ren Bone, Jennifer R. Ovenden & Severine Thomas  
• Virgin births from parthenogenesis: How females from some species can reproduce without males by Mercedes Burns 
• How does a shark reproduce without a mate? By Louisa Wright 
• Lone Parents: Parthenogenesis in Sharks by Wendee Holtcamp 
• Intrauterine Cannibalism in Sharks by ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research 
• Shark Cannibalism: It's A Thing And It Just Got Weirder by Melissa Cristina Marquez 
• Body, jaw, and dentition lengths of macrophagous lamniform sharks, and body size evolution in Lamniformes with special reference to ‘off-the-scale’ gigantism of the megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon by Kenshu Shimada 
• Cannibalism in animals is more common than you think by Liz Langley  

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FACT: Abandoned bricks of cocaine wash ashore every year off the coast of Florida from drug smugglers evading the Coast Guard. FICTION: We need to be worried about cocaine fueled sharks. Your host Kasha Patel imagines what would happen if sharks consumed that cocaine and explores the science behind it. 

• “Behavioral screening for cocaine sensitivity in mutagenized zebrafish,” by Tristan Darland and John E. Dowling 
• “Yes, ‘Cocaine Bear’ Was Real. Here’s the Back Story.” by Amanda Holpuch 
• Powdered Cocaine Fast Facts, by National Drug Intelligence Center 
• “Are ‘Cocaine Sharks’ Really Scarfing Down Drugs off Florida’s Coasts?” by: Jack Timisiea 
• “How sharks recycle toxic ammonia to keep their skin moist,” by University of British Columbia 
• “Are whale sharks exposed to persistent organic pollutants and plastic pollution in the Gulf of California (Mexico)? First ecotoxicological investigation using skin biopsies,” by Maria Cristina Fossi, Matteo Baini, Cristina Panti, Matteo Galli, Begoña Jiménez, Juan Muñoz-Arnanz, Letizia Marsili, Maria Grazia Finoia, Dení Ramírez-Macías 
• NBC News Learn: Ocean Acidification 
• Uptake of human pharmaceuticals in bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) inhabiting a wastewater-impacted river 
• WPLG Local 10: Keys locals find hauls of cocaine worth over $2 million 
• Business Insider: Tracking Drug Smugglers And Unauthorized Migrants With The Coast Guard In Miami 
• Animal Fact Files: Nurse Shark Facts: why a NURSE? 🦈 Animal Fact Files 
• The Verge: Italy’s eels have a cocaine problem 

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