The Black Sea has always been more than a map feature—it’s a crucible of power, a maritime bottleneck where empire, geography, and ambition have collided for millennia. In this episode of War Lab, we dive deep into the evolving struggle for control over this body of water that has once again become one of the most strategically charged frontiers on Earth.

From ancient Troy and the Ottoman Empire to the Cold War’s delicate balance and today’s brutal war in Ukraine, the Black Sea has served as the pivot of Eurasian power. Russia’s centuries-long drive for access to warm-water ports has shaped its very identity, and the city of Sevastopol—founded in 1783—became the heart of that ambition. But now, for the first time in history, that bastion of Russian naval dominance is collapsing from within.

Through a mix of deep historical analysis and cutting-edge military insight, this episode explores how a war fought with drones, missiles, and data links has rewritten the rules of naval warfare. The once-mighty Russian Black Sea Fleet—rebuilt after the Cold War as a “fortress fleet” bristling with Kalibr cruise missiles and layered defenses—has been systematically dismantled by a nation with almost no navy at all. Ukraine’s mastery of asymmetry—land-based anti-ship missiles, explosive sea drones, and real-time satellite control—has rendered traditional surface fleets obsolete in contested littoral zones.

We trace the story from Catherine the Great’s annexation of Crimea to the Montreux Convention that made Turkey the eternal gatekeeper of the straits, from the Moskva’s fiery sinking to the rise of the naval drone swarms that now dominate the western Black Sea. What began as a conventional naval campaign has become a case study in how cheap, networked systems can defeat billion-dollar warships.

The implications reach far beyond the region. The Black Sea has become the world’s most consequential testing ground for the future of maritime conflict. Its lessons challenge a century of naval orthodoxy—from Mahan’s “big ship” doctrine to the very idea of sea control itself. Can massive fleets still survive in the age of precision strike and autonomous warfare? Or has the network—the swarm—replaced the ship as the new measure of sea power?

Finally, we turn to the geopolitics shaping the next phase. Turkey’s control of the straits, NATO’s evolving posture on its southeastern flank, and the question of whether Russia can ever rebuild its fleet all converge in this episode. The “fortress Crimea” has been breached, the “Soviet lake” drained of its dominance, and a new maritime order is emerging—one defined not by size or tonnage, but by intelligence, adaptability, and distributed power.

Shattered Bastion: The Black Sea reveals how one of the world’s oldest naval battlegrounds became the proving ground for the future of war at sea—and why what happens here will define the balance of power far beyond its shores.