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Long before the age of internet influencers, a different breed of provocateur took to the airwaves to spread disinformation. In the 1930s and 1940s, a cadre of expatriate Americans—some ideologues, some opportunists—used the radio to broadcast pro-Nazi, pro-fascist, and antisemitic propaganda back to the United States.
To FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, these broadcasters weren’t just deluded enemy sympathizers. They were “renegades,” and he was determined to round them up for prosecution. And more: Hoover’s campaign against them was the final step in a calculated, three-phase expansion of FBI power, all orchestrated with the blessing of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
By Jeff SteinLong before the age of internet influencers, a different breed of provocateur took to the airwaves to spread disinformation. In the 1930s and 1940s, a cadre of expatriate Americans—some ideologues, some opportunists—used the radio to broadcast pro-Nazi, pro-fascist, and antisemitic propaganda back to the United States.
To FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, these broadcasters weren’t just deluded enemy sympathizers. They were “renegades,” and he was determined to round them up for prosecution. And more: Hoover’s campaign against them was the final step in a calculated, three-phase expansion of FBI power, all orchestrated with the blessing of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.