The provided sources offer a multi-faceted examination of smart cities and their critical reliance on data governance and smart grid technology. One source focuses heavily on the technical aspects and deployment of smart grid technology in India, outlining its benefits—such as increased renewable energy utilisation and enhanced resilience—and detailing numerous government-sanctioned pilot projects across various Indian states. Complementary sources highlight that effective smart city management hinges on comprehensive data governance, which encompasses establishing policies for the availability, integrity, security, and usability of data used for urban services like smart grids and traffic control. Additionally, these sources explore the broader ethical and political dimensions of smart cities, noting significant criticisms regarding citizen surveillance, privacy concerns related to pervasive data collection, and the bureaucratic and financial barriers to strategy implementation.