The pelvic wall forms the architectural base of the trunk, a region where stability, containment, and neurovascular complexity converge. This chapter reframes the pelvis not as a static basin, but as a load-bearing, force-transmitting structure whose anatomy underpins continence, locomotion, childbirth, and visceral support.

The chapter begins by defining the bony pelvis, distinguishing the false (greater) pelvis from the true (lesser) pelvis. The ilium, ischium, and pubis are examined in relation to their articulations, landmarks, and functional contributions. Differences between the male and female pelvis are explored not simply as descriptive anatomy, but as adaptations with clinical implications for obstetrics, surgery, and biomechanics.

Attention then turns to the pelvic wall musculature, particularly the obturator internus and piriformis muscles. These muscles are presented as more than lateral boundaries; they are stabilisers of the hip joint and conduits through which critical neurovascular structures pass. Their relationships to the greater and lesser sciatic foramina are emphasised, providing the anatomical basis for understanding sciatic nerve entrapment, piriformis syndrome, and referred pain patterns.

The chapter carefully maps the openings in the pelvic wall, transforming what can seem like an abstract list into a spatial logic. The greater sciatic foramen, lesser sciatic foramen, obturator canal, and pelvic brim are each explored as anatomical gateways, tracing the nerves and vessels that traverse them. This organisation equips the learner to predict deficits resulting from trauma, compression, or surgical injury.

Neurovascular anatomy is central to this chapter. The sacral plexus is introduced as a dense but ordered network, supplying the lower limb, pelvis, and perineum. Its branches are contextualised clinically, linking specific nerve involvement to motor loss, sensory change, and pelvic pain syndromes. The internal iliac vessels and their branches are examined as highly variable yet critically important structures, particularly in trauma, obstetrics, and pelvic surgery.

The fascia of the pelvic wall is addressed as an integral component of pelvic mechanics. Rather than being treated as passive lining, pelvic fascia is shown to shape organ support, neurovascular pathways, and surgical planes. These relationships underpin the spread of infection, tumour extension, and postoperative complications.

Surface anatomy and imaging correlations reinforce spatial understanding. Pelvic landmarks are tied to internal structures, supporting safe examination, nerve block placement, and procedural access.

By the end of the chapter, the pelvic wall is understood as a supportive yet permissive boundary—rigid enough to bear load, yet strategically open to allow passage, communication, and function. Its anatomy explains why pelvic pathology often produces complex, overlapping symptoms and why careful anatomical reasoning is essential in this region.

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