Drawing on open-source information and eight years of collected data, the CSIS Aerospace Security Project's 2025 Space Threat Assessment explores the key developments in foreign counterspace weapons and the evolving security landscape in Earth orbit. This assessment highlights how space is becoming a more dangerous place and is increasingly woven into both peacetime and wartime activities.

 

The report categorizes counterspace weapons into four main types: kinetic, non-kinetic, electronic, and cyber operations. While the past year saw few headline-grabbing kinetic tests, concerns persist, notably regarding Russia's pursuit of a nuclear anti-satellite capability designed to target satellites orbiting Earth, which the United States and international partners remain concerned about.