SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 15
The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast
Building Blocks of Life on Asteroid Bennu, New Asteroid Threat, and Lunar Dome Mission
In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover groundbreaking discoveries from the asteroid Bennu, where scientists have detected the molecular building blocks of life in samples returned by NASA's Osiris Rex spacecraft. These findings indicate a rich history of salt water on Bennu, suggesting that the essential conditions for life may have been widespread throughout the early solar system. The analysis reveals 14 amino acids and five nucleobases, hinting at the potential for life beyond Earth.
A New Asteroid Threat to Earth
We also discuss the newly identified asteroid 2024 YR4, which poses a significant risk with a 1 in 83 chance of impact on December 22, 2032. This near-Earth object, measuring between 40 and 100 meters wide, has astronomers concerned due to its potential for causing a powerful airburst explosion or even a surface impact.
Investigating Mysterious Lunar Domes
Additionally, NASA is gearing up for a mission to explore the enigmatic Gruthusen domes on the Moon, as part of the Lunar Vice mission by Firefly Aerospace. This mission aims to unravel the origins of these dome-like structures and assess the Moon's volcanic history, providing insights into its evolution and potential resources for future exploration.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 15 for broadcast on 3 February 2025
00:49 Discovery of building blocks of life in Bennu samples
06:15 New asteroid threat 2024 YR4
12:30 NASA's Lunar Vice mission to study lunar domes
18:00 CIA assessment on COVID-19 origins
22:45 Elderberry juice and metabolic health
27:00 Feathered dinosaur tail preserved in amber
30:15 Link between UFO sightings and economic conditions
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✍️ Episode References
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov
Nature
https://www.nature.com
Nature Astronomy
https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/
Current Biology
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/home
Journal of Nutrients
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients
Australian Skeptics
https://www.skeptics.com.au

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SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 14
The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast
Asteroid from the Moon, Lunar Landers, and Trump’s Mars Ambitions
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the intriguing discovery of a small asteroid, designated 2024 PT5, which is believed to be a fragment of the Moon ejected into space by a historic impact. This 10-meter wide near-Earth object offers new insights into both asteroid and lunar science, as researchers confirm its composition aligns closely with lunar rock samples.
Two Lunar Landers Launch for the Moon
SpaceX successfully launched two lunar landers, Firefly Aerospace's Blue Ghost and ispace's Resilience, as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services program. These missions aim to deliver critical hardware to the Moon in preparation for a sustainable human presence under the Artemis program. Blue Ghost will conduct a variety of scientific experiments, including lunar subsurface drilling and thermal measurements, while Resilience will deploy a forward robotic micro rover to explore the lunar surface.
Trump's Vision for Mars
In a bold statement during his inauguration, US President Donald Trump pledged to plant the Stars and Stripes on Mars, reaffirming America’s commitment to space exploration. This ambitious goal aligns with SpaceX's plans to colonize the Red Planet, as both the US and China ramp up efforts for lunar and Martian exploration.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 14 for broadcast on 31 January 2025
00:49 Discovery of asteroid 2024 PT5 as a lunar fragment
06:30 Launch of Blue Ghost and Resilience lunar landers
12:15 President Trump's pledge to plant the flag on Mars
18:00 Risks associated with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists
22:45 New methods for zero carbon dioxide ammonia production
27:00 Discovery of the world’s oldest three-dimensional map
30:15 Concerns over unverified academic titles
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✍️ Episode References
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov
SpaceX
https://www.spacex.com
Astrophysical Journal Letters
https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205
Nature Medicine
https://www.nature.com/nm/
Oxford Journal of Archaeology
https://academic.oup.com/ojl
Australian Skeptics
https://www.skeptics.com.au

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SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 13
Mysteries of Water on Mars and the Origins of Earth's Moon
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking discoveries about the history of water on Mars. New research reveals thousands of mounds on the Martian northern plains, rich in clay minerals, indicating that this area was once submerged under a vast ocean. These findings, reported in Nature Geoscience, suggest that the mounds preserve a complete geological history of water on Mars, making them prime targets for future exploration missions searching for signs of past life.
Could the Moon be a Piece of Earth?
We also delve into a fascinating study proposing that the Moon could have formed from material ejected from the Earth's mantle rather than from the impact of a Mars-sized body, as previously thought. This new hypothesis, based on isotopic similarities between Earth and Moon samples, offers fresh insights into the origins of our lunar companion and the potential pathways for water to have reached Earth.
Establishing a Permanent Presence on the Moon
Additionally, we discuss the challenges and innovations required to establish a permanent human presence on the Moon as part of NASA's Artemis program. From 3D printing to robotics and artificial intelligence, experts outline the critical technologies needed to build infrastructure on the lunar surface and the hurdles that must be overcome to make this ambitious goal a reality.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 13 for broadcast on 29 January 2025
00:49 New evidence of ancient water on Mars
06:15 Could the Moon be a chunk of Earth?
12:30 Challenges of establishing a permanent lunar base
18:00 ADHD diagnosis linked to shorter lifespans
22:45 Catastrophic coral bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef
27:00 Blue rings in trees linked to volcanic eruptions
30:15 Samsung's new AI smartphones
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✍️ Episode References
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov
Nature Geoscience
https://www.nature.com/ngeo/
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
https://www.pnas.org/
University of Sydney
https://www.sydney.edu.au
British Journal of Psychiatry
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry
Frontiers in Plant Science
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science
TechAdvice
https://www.techadvice.life/

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SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 12
Unveiling the Mysteries of Fast Radio Bursts and Mars' Geology
In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the enigmatic origins of fast radio bursts (FRBs), those mysterious cosmic phenomena that release immense energy in mere nanoseconds. Recent findings challenge existing theories about their sources, suggesting that some FRBs may originate from regions in ancient, dead galaxies, raising profound questions about the nature of these bursts and their potential as cosmic probes.
Is Mars Still Geologically Active?
A new study based on data from NASA's InSight lander indicates that Mars may still be geologically active. By analyzing marsquakes, researchers have uncovered evidence suggesting that the southern hemisphere of the Red Planet has a thicker crust and higher elevation than the northern hemisphere, providing insights into its geological history and evolution over billions of years.
Celestial Treat for Southern Hemisphere Sky Watchers
Sky watchers in the Southern Hemisphere are in for a treat as Comet C/2024 G3 Atlas dazzles with its stunning display following a close encounter with the Sun. The comet's vibrant tails and the alignment of six planets provide a spectacular opportunity for stargazers to explore the night sky.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 12 for broadcast on 27 January 2025
00:49 Mysterious origins of fast radio bursts
06:30 Evidence of geological activity on Mars
12:15 Comet C/2024 G3 Atlas and planetary alignment
18:00 New anti-clotting drugs for atrial fibrillation patients
22:45 Rare corpse flower blooms in Sydney
27:00 FDA bans controversial red dye number three
30:15 Declining trust in mainstream media
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✍️ Episode References
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov
Australian National University
https://www.anu.edu.au
Geophysical Research Letters
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/19447920
Royal Botanical Gardens Sydney
https://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au
New England Journal of Medicine
https://www.nejm.org
Gallup Poll
https://news.gallup.com

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SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 11
Ancient Water on Mars and the Birth of the Universe's Lights
Scientists have uncovered two sets of ancient wave ripples on Mars, revealing evidence of long-dried ponds and lakes that once existed on the Red Planet. Discovered by NASA's Curiosity rover, these ripples, formed approximately 3.7 billion years ago, indicate that shallow bodies of water were open to the Martian atmosphere, challenging previous climate models suggesting an ice-covered surface. This finding extends our understanding of the timeline for liquid water on Mars and its potential for microbial life.
A Quasar's Role in Cosmic Illumination
Astronomers have detected a highly variable quasar that may have played a crucial role in turning on the lights of the universe. This quasar, observed by the NuSTAR and Chandra X-ray space telescopes, is one of the most distant objects detected and provides new insights into the growth of supermassive black holes in the early universe. Its rapid brightness fluctuations offer vital clues about the epoch of reionization, a time when the universe transitioned from darkness to light.
European Space Agency's Probe 3 Mission Milestone
The European Space Agency's Probe 3 spacecraft has successfully split into two, marking a significant step in its ambitious mission. This unique formation-flying mission aims to create artificial solar eclipses to study the Sun's corona with unprecedented precision. The two spacecraft will maintain a separation of just 150 meters, demonstrating advanced navigation and propulsion technologies essential for future space exploration.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 11 for broadcast on 24 January 2025
00:49 Discovery of ancient wave ripples on Mars
06:15 Quasar may illuminate the early universe
12:30 European Space Agency's Probe 3 spacecraft successfully splits
18:00 Blood vessel fingerprint in the eye may indicate stroke risk
22:45 Early humans adapted to desert-like conditions
26:00 Global water cycle disruptions due to climate extremes
30:00 Reevaluation of the Paleo diet based on ancient human diets
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✍️ Episode References
NASA
https://www.nasa.gov
Caltech
https://www.caltech.edu
Yale University
https://www.yale.edu
European Space Agency
https://www.esa.int
Indian Space Research Organisation
https://www.isro.gov.in
Astrophysical Journal
https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/
637X
7--- UK Biobank
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk
Australian Skeptics
https://www.skeptics.com.au
National Science Foundation
https://www.nsf.gov


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SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 10
Gaia's Sky Scanning Completion and Mid Infrared Flare from Sagittarius A*
The European Space Agency's Gaia spacecraft has completed its sky scanning phase, marking a monumental achievement in astronomical missions. Over the past decade, Gaia has transformed our understanding of the Milky Way by mapping the positions and characteristics of billions of stars. This mission has provided unprecedented insights into the origins and evolution of our galaxy, revealing its structure and history like never before.
Mid Infrared Flare from the Milky Way's Supermassive Black Hole
Astronomers have detected a mid infrared flare from Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. This discovery, made using NASA's Webb Space Telescope, fills a crucial gap in our understanding of black hole flares and supports existing models of magnetic reconnection in the accretion disk surrounding the black hole.
Discovery of a New Type of Exoplanet
NASA's Webb Space Telescope has unveiled a new type of exoplanet, unlike anything in our solar system. The planet, GJ1214B, exhibits a carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere similar to Venus, challenging previous assumptions about exoplanet atmospheres and providing new insights into planetary formation.
00:00 This is space time series 28 episode 10 for broadcast of 22 January 2025
00:49 European Space Agency's Gaia spacecraft has completed its 10th science mission
05:22 First ever detection of mid infrared flare from Milky Way's supermassive black hole
11:15 NASA's Webb Space Telescope has discovered a new type of planet
14:11 New study suggests eating carrots can improve the treatment of type 2 diabetes
17:41 Tesla is launching satellite connectivity for regular mobile phones in Australia
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✍️ Episode References
European Space Agency (ESA)
[https://www.esa.int/](https://www.esa.int/)
Gaia Mission
[https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Gaia](https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Gaia)
arXiv.org
[https://arxiv.org/](https://arxiv.org/)
NASA's Webb Space Telescope
[https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/](https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/)
Event Horizon Telescope
[https://eventhorizontelescope.org/](https://eventhorizontelescope.org/)
Harvard Center for Astrophysics
[https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/](https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/)
Astrophysical Journal Letters
[https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/
8205](https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205)
8--- Nature Communications
[https://www.nature.com/ncomms/](https://www.nature.com/ncomms/)
Clinical and Translational Science
[https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/17528062](https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/17528062)
TechAdvice
[https://www.techadvice.life/](https://www.techadvice.life/)


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SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 09
Starship's Fiery End and Blue Origin's New Glenn Debut
SpaceX's Starship experienced a dramatic explosion during its seventh test flight, marking both success and setback. While the super heavy booster was successfully caught by the launch tower's chopstick arms, the Starship upper stage exploded during ascent. Despite the fiery end, the mission demonstrated significant advancements in booster recovery technology.
Blue Origin's New Glenn Maiden Flight
Blue Origin's New Glenn mega rocket has completed its first flight, successfully reaching orbit. However, the mission wasn't flawless, as the first stage booster failed to land on a pre-positioned barge in the Atlantic Ocean. The mission's payload, a prototype for the Blue Ring orbital vehicle, was successfully deployed, marking a significant milestone for Blue Origin.
Mysterious Stellar Pulsations Explained
Astronomers have pinpointed the source of mysterious long-period radio transients, linking them to a binary star system comprising a white dwarf and a red dwarf. This discovery, made using data from the Murchison Wide Field Array and the Meerkat telescope, offers new insights into these enigmatic astrophysical events.
00:00 Space Time Starship destroyed in spectacular explosion during its seventh test flight
00:48 Super heavy booster successfully caught by launch tower's chopsticks during textbook landing
07:09 Debris spotted streaking over Caribbean Sea after SpaceX Falcon 7 launch
11:05 Blue Origin's new Glenn has successfully undertaken its maiden flight
16:55 Astronomers have discovered the source of mysterious extreme astrophysical event
20:50 Long period radio transients are mysterious new class of repeating radio source in space
29:08 Long period radio transients may be caused by binary M dwarf white dwarf systems
32:12 New study warns shallow groundwater is projected to warm by 3.5 degrees Celsius by 2099
34:29 All the hype about mysterious drones over New Jersey disappeared after LA wildfires
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SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 08
Origins of Fast Radio Bursts Unveiled
Astronomers have pinpointed the source of fast radio bursts, specifically linking them to magnetars, a type of highly magnetic neutron star. This breakthrough, reported in Nature, was achieved by analysing the scintillation of FRB2022 1022A, indicating its proximity to a magnetar within 10,000 kilometres. This discovery sheds light on the mysterious phenomenon, suggesting that all fast radio bursts might originate from similarly extreme environments.
Lunar Water's Terrestrial Origins
A groundbreaking study reveals that much of the Moon's water may have originated from early Earth. By examining Apollo-era lunar samples with a high precision triple oxygen isotope technique, scientists discovered a dual heritage of lunar water, tracing back to both proto-Earth and cometary impacts. This finding offers new insights into the Earth-Moon system's formation 4.5 billion years ago.
Juno's Insights into IO's Volcanism
NASA's Juno mission has uncovered that Jupiter's moon IO's volcanoes are powered by individual magma chambers rather than a global magma ocean. This revelation, stemming from Juno's close flybys and gravitational measurements, highlights the unique geological dynamics of the solar system's most volcanically active body. The findings provide a deeper understanding of tidal flexing and its effects on celestial bodies.
00:00 Astronomers have finally narrowed down the source of those mysterious fast radio bursts
08:01 New study shows much of moon's water originates on early proto Earth
10:32 Scientists with NASA's Juno mission to Jupiter have discovered volcanoes on IO
16:33 There now seems to be more carbon stored in human made stuff than natural world
18:41 Study shows each of the Disney princesses could have exposed themselves to illnesses
19:40 Alaska Triangle has highest recorded numbers of paranormal incidents in the world
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SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 07
Dark Matter's Role in Milky Way's Stellar Streams
New research suggests that dark matter may have influenced the formation of the GD-1 stellar stream in the Milky Way. A study in the Astrophysical Journal Letters proposes that a core-collapsing, self-interacting dark matter subhalo could explain the unusual spur and gap features observed in the stream. This finding could deepen our understanding of dark matter's properties and its influence on the universe.
Sun's Triple Solar Flare Eruption
The Sun has unleashed three significant X-class solar flares in a single day, with the first and third being X1.1 flares and the second an X1.5. These powerful eruptions, detected by NOAA's Solar Ultraviolet Imager, are part of the Sun's approach to solar maximum, the peak of its 11-year solar cycle. Solar flares can disrupt Earth's communications, power grids, and pose health risks to astronauts.
Quadrantids Meteor Shower Spectacle
The Earth is experiencing the Quadrantids meteor shower, offering a dazzling display of shooting stars. Originating from the near-Earth asteroid 2003 EH1, the Quadrantids are best viewed from dark locations, with peak sightings expected in the Pacific region. Sky watchers can anticipate around 50 meteors per hour, with potential fireballs enhancing the spectacle.
00:00 This is space time series 28 episode 7 for broadcast on 15 January 2025
00:46 New research proposes a self interacting dark matter subhalo could explain GD1 features
04:24 The sun unleashed three significant X class solar flares on the same day
07:19 Earth is experiencing one of its most spectacular meteor showers, the Quadrantids
14:31 A quarter of the world's freshwater animals are at risk of extinction
16:43 Facebook boss Mark Zuckerberg admits that his fact checkers are dishonest
20:28 CES has wrapped up in Las Vegas with lots of interesting gadgets
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✍️ Episode References
University of California, Riverside
[ucr.edu](https://www.ucr.edu/)
Astrophysical Journal Letters
[iopscience.iop.org/journal/
8205](https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205)
3--- National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
[noaa.gov](https://www.noaa.gov/)
Royal Astronomical Society
[ras.ac.uk](https://www.ras.ac.uk/)
Journal of Nature
[nature.com](https://www.nature.com/)
Journal of the American Medical Association
[jamanetwork.com](https://jamanetwork.com/)
Facebook
[facebook.com](https://www.facebook.com/)
Babylon Bee
[babylonbee.com](https://babylonbee.com/)
Tech Advice Stuart Life
[techadvice.com](https://www.techadvice.com/)
Space Time with Stuart Gary
[spacetimewithstuartgary.com](https://spacetimewithstuartgary.com/)


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SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 06
Formation of Pluto-Charon Binary System
A new study reveals that the formation of the Pluto-Charon dwarf planet binary system may mirror that of the Earth-Moon system. The research, published in Nature Geoscience, suggests that both systems feature a secondary body significantly large in comparison to the primary, unlike other moons in our solar system. The findings could explain Pluto's active geology and potential subsurface ocean, highlighting the significance of giant impacts in shaping planetary bodies.
BepiColombo's Final Mercury Flyby
The BepiColombo spacecraft has completed its final close flyby of Mercury, passing just 295 kilometres above the planet's surface. This manoeuvre marks the last gravity assist required for the joint ESA and JAXA mission before it enters Mercury's orbit in late 2026. The mission aims to study Mercury's magnetic field, surface composition, and interaction with the solar wind, enhancing our understanding of planets close to their host stars.
Astronomy Highlights for 2025
2025 promises exciting astronomical events, with the Sun's solar cycle nearing its peak. Highlights include a rare edge-on view of Saturn's rings, potential brightening of comet G3 Atlas, and two lunar eclipses. The year also features significant planetary alignments, meteor showers, and opportunities to observe the Southern Cross and the centre of the Milky Way. Dr. Nick Glom provides insights into these celestial events and more.
00:00 This is space Time Series 28, Episode 6 for broadcast on 13 January 2025
00:27 A new study suggests the formation of the Pluto Charon dwarf planet binary system
04:35 BepiColombo spacecraft makes its final flyby of Mercury
09:27 This is space time. We take a look at the year ahead in astronomy
10:47 Mid January will be a very interesting time to look at the night sky
13:05 There are two big highlights in March with the eclipse of the moon and Saturn
13:46 The other big event of course is the crossing of the rings of Saturn
17:03 The Southern Cross is well positioned during the month of June
18:38 Venus and Jupiter are the two brightest planets in the night sky
19:16 Also in August, it's a great time to have a look at Sagittarius
20:35 Total eclipse of the Moon occurs when Moon moves into Earth's shadow
23:06 The Australasian Sky Guide has just released its 30th edition
25:05 World Meteorological Organisation confirms that 2024 was the warmest year on record
29:34 It's claimed that two allegedly Celtic heads could turn you into a werewolf
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✍️ Episode References
University of Arizona
[https://www.arizona.edu](https://www.arizona.edu)
Nature Geoscience
[https://www.nature.com/ngeo/](https://www.nature.com/ngeo/)
European Space Agency (ESA)
[https://www.esa.int](https://www.esa.int)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
[https://global.jaxa.jp/](https://global.jaxa.jp/)
Ariane 5 rocket
[https://www.arianespace.com/vehicle/ariane-5/](https://www.arianespace.com/vehicle/ariane-5/)
Kourou Spaceport
[https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Transportation/Spaceport](https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Transportation/Spaceport)
Australasian Sky Guide
[https://www.powerhouse.com.au/publication/australasian-sky-guide/](https://www.powerhouse.com.au/publication/australasian-sky-guide/)
Powerhouse Museum
[https://www.maas.museum/powerhouse-museum/](https://www.maas.museum/powerhouse-museum/)
European Heart Journal
[https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj](https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj)
Journal of Advances in Atmospheric Sciences
[https://www.springer.com/journal/376](https://www.springer.com/journal/376)


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