Episode 19 of Turning Points: History’s Greatest Battles examines the Battle of Stalingrad (1942–1943), the pivotal confrontation that broke the momentum of Nazi Germany in World War II. As part of Hitler’s southern campaign, German forces advanced toward the Volga River to seize the industrial city of Stalingrad and secure access to vital oil fields. The city was reduced to ruins by aerial bombardment, but the destruction favored Soviet defenders, who fought in brutal close-quarters combat amid rubble, factories, and cellars. Bound by Stalin’s order of “Not one step back,” Soviet troops clung to narrow positions while commanders secretly prepared a counteroffensive. In November 1942, the Red Army launched Operation Uranus, striking the weaker Axis flanks and encircling Germany’s Sixth Army. Hitler refused withdrawal, relying on an airlift that failed disastrously. Starvation, cold, and disease followed. On February 2, 1943, Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus surrendered the remnants of his army. With hundreds of thousands of casualties on both sides, Stalingrad became the deadliest battle in history. Strategically and psychologically, it shattered the myth of German invincibility and marked the beginning of a relentless Soviet advance westward — a decisive turning point in the war.