This week we carry on from part one, by discussing the educational and technological advancements in surgery that prompted the improvement of surgical operations as a whole. From the first discovery of ether as a form of anaesthetic and sedation, to the discovery of antibiotics by Alexander Flemming, we look at how these progressions started to widen the scope of stoma formation by developing new types of stoma's, including the ileostomy and the urostomy. Finally, we look at the very first possible colostomy ever created on Australian soil, right here in Victoria.