In this lecture, Dr. Totten describes West and Central African civilizations from the 1300s to 1600s. He argues that African societies were diverse and powerful, rather than the monolithic poor rural villages that dominate popular media. He contends that African and Islamic slaveries differed from the European plantation slavery that developed in the late 1400s. He details how African conceptions of religion, slavery, and warfare were misinterpreted by Europeans, and led to the creation of racial stereotypes that reinforced white supremacist ideology that survive to this day.

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