This podcast evaluates the scientific evidence supporting and questioning the role of sunscreen in melanoma prevention, drawing on randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses while addressing key limitations. It examines the interplay between sunscreen use and vitamin D synthesis, presenting arguments for potential interference alongside real-world data indicating minimal clinical impact. A balanced conclusion emphasizes evidence-based sun protection strategies tailored to individual risk profiles, particularly for high-risk ethnic groups in sunny environments.