A comprehensive overview of surgical research in implant dentistry, focusing extensively on preclinical studies using various animal models such as rats, mice, rabbits, swine, canines, sheep, and goats, detailing their anatomical considerations and surgical procedures. The text also explores the biomechanics of implants, including material properties like titanium and zirconia, and standardized testing methods like the ISO 14801 protocol. Furthermore, it addresses clinical investigation methodologies, contrasting randomized controlled trials with observational cohort and case-control studies, and discusses the challenges of translating basic science to clinical practice. Finally, the sources examine different imaging techniques like CBCT and the use of bone grafting materials and membranes, including the biological responses involving macrophages and giant cells in osseointegration.
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