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T. Knight-Jones - When is FMD vaccination in endemic settings profitable?
WHEN IS FMD VACCINATION IN ENDEMIC SETTINGS PROFITABLE?
Introduction
Vaccination is central to FMD control in many endemic settings. Yet the financial justification of this approach varies. In this study we assessed how FMD vaccination affects herd-level income considering various cattle production systems in different endemic settings.
Materials and methods
A stochastic partial-budget calculator was designed to assess the change in farm income from FMD vaccination. Expected FMD impact without vaccination was compared to costs and reductions in impact with vaccination. Model inputs included incidence, production losses, treatment and vaccination costs, and vaccine effectiveness. Data for parameterisation were obtained from field studies, literature and expert opinion. Data was available on the losses incurred due to FMD for a range of husbandry systems in different countries, but data on FMD incidence and vaccination effectiveness often had to be estimated.
Results
In some settings FMD vaccination was expected to greatly increase herd-level income. In others it tended to reduce herd-income. This was greatly influenced by the importance of milk production, the frequency of FMD outbreaks, vaccine effectiveness, and vaccination costs.
Discussion
Although some farmers should invest in FMD vaccination, for others vaccination-based control only makes sense if it is at least partly funded by others as part of a wider FMD control programme. Furthermore, as incidence and risk reduce, the incentives for individuals to invest in vaccination diminish expanding the need for public or sector-level funding to further progress FMD control. A calculator with associated framework and guidance are provided to help stakeholders to identify information gaps and estimate the financial incentives for FMD vaccination in different settings.
T.J.D. Knight-Jones1
N.A. Lyons2,3, P. Motta2, B.V. Ahmadi2, J. Rushton3, D.J. Paton4
1 – International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); 2- EuFMD, FAO; 3 – University of Liverpool; 4 - The Pirbright Institute
Introduction
Vaccination is central to FMD control in many endemic settings. Yet the financial justification of this approach varies. In this study we assessed how FMD vaccination affects herd-level income considering various cattle production systems in different endemic settings.
Materials and methods
A stochastic partial-budget calculator was designed to assess the change in farm income from FMD vaccination. Expected FMD impact without vaccination was compared to costs and reductions in impact with vaccination. Model inputs included incidence, production losses, treatment and vaccination costs, and vaccine effectiveness. Data for parameterisation were obtained from field studies, literature and expert opinion. Data was available on the losses incurred due to FMD for a range of husbandry systems in different countries, but data on FMD incidence and vaccination effectiveness often had to be estimated.
Results
In some settings FMD vaccination was expected to greatly increase herd-level income. In others it tended to reduce herd-income. This was greatly influenced by the importance of milk production, the frequency of FMD outbreaks, vaccine effectiveness, and vaccination costs.
Discussion
Although some farmers should invest in FMD vaccination, for others vaccination-based control only makes sense if it is at least partly funded by others as part of a wider FMD control programme. Furthermore, as incidence and risk reduce, the incentives for individuals to invest in vaccination diminish expanding the need for public or sector-level funding to further progress FMD control. A calculator with associated framework and guidance are provided to help stakeholders to identify information gaps and estimate the financial incentives for FMD vaccination in different settings.
T.J.D. Knight-Jones1
N.A. Lyons2,3, P. Motta2, B.V. Ahmadi2, J. Rushton3, D.J. Paton4
1 – International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); 2- EuFMD, FAO; 3 – University of Liverpool; 4 - The Pirbright Institute
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By EuFMDWHEN IS FMD VACCINATION IN ENDEMIC SETTINGS PROFITABLE?
Introduction
Vaccination is central to FMD control in many endemic settings. Yet the financial justification of this approach varies. In this study we assessed how FMD vaccination affects herd-level income considering various cattle production systems in different endemic settings.
Materials and methods
A stochastic partial-budget calculator was designed to assess the change in farm income from FMD vaccination. Expected FMD impact without vaccination was compared to costs and reductions in impact with vaccination. Model inputs included incidence, production losses, treatment and vaccination costs, and vaccine effectiveness. Data for parameterisation were obtained from field studies, literature and expert opinion. Data was available on the losses incurred due to FMD for a range of husbandry systems in different countries, but data on FMD incidence and vaccination effectiveness often had to be estimated.
Results
In some settings FMD vaccination was expected to greatly increase herd-level income. In others it tended to reduce herd-income. This was greatly influenced by the importance of milk production, the frequency of FMD outbreaks, vaccine effectiveness, and vaccination costs.
Discussion
Although some farmers should invest in FMD vaccination, for others vaccination-based control only makes sense if it is at least partly funded by others as part of a wider FMD control programme. Furthermore, as incidence and risk reduce, the incentives for individuals to invest in vaccination diminish expanding the need for public or sector-level funding to further progress FMD control. A calculator with associated framework and guidance are provided to help stakeholders to identify information gaps and estimate the financial incentives for FMD vaccination in different settings.
T.J.D. Knight-Jones1
N.A. Lyons2,3, P. Motta2, B.V. Ahmadi2, J. Rushton3, D.J. Paton4
1 – International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); 2- EuFMD, FAO; 3 – University of Liverpool; 4 - The Pirbright Institute
Introduction
Vaccination is central to FMD control in many endemic settings. Yet the financial justification of this approach varies. In this study we assessed how FMD vaccination affects herd-level income considering various cattle production systems in different endemic settings.
Materials and methods
A stochastic partial-budget calculator was designed to assess the change in farm income from FMD vaccination. Expected FMD impact without vaccination was compared to costs and reductions in impact with vaccination. Model inputs included incidence, production losses, treatment and vaccination costs, and vaccine effectiveness. Data for parameterisation were obtained from field studies, literature and expert opinion. Data was available on the losses incurred due to FMD for a range of husbandry systems in different countries, but data on FMD incidence and vaccination effectiveness often had to be estimated.
Results
In some settings FMD vaccination was expected to greatly increase herd-level income. In others it tended to reduce herd-income. This was greatly influenced by the importance of milk production, the frequency of FMD outbreaks, vaccine effectiveness, and vaccination costs.
Discussion
Although some farmers should invest in FMD vaccination, for others vaccination-based control only makes sense if it is at least partly funded by others as part of a wider FMD control programme. Furthermore, as incidence and risk reduce, the incentives for individuals to invest in vaccination diminish expanding the need for public or sector-level funding to further progress FMD control. A calculator with associated framework and guidance are provided to help stakeholders to identify information gaps and estimate the financial incentives for FMD vaccination in different settings.
T.J.D. Knight-Jones1
N.A. Lyons2,3, P. Motta2, B.V. Ahmadi2, J. Rushton3, D.J. Paton4
1 – International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); 2- EuFMD, FAO; 3 – University of Liverpool; 4 - The Pirbright Institute