John Granger in September 2022, weeks after the publication of Ink Black Heart, tackled the tangle of 108 poetic epigraphs in Strike 6 from twenty-two Anglo-American Victorian women poets in search of a common theme, of a prevalent meaning, or, the Holy Grail, a work among the many works that acted to Heart as Rosmersholm did to Lethal White and Faerie Queene did to Troubled Blood. This effort involved listing the poets, the epigraphs (citing poems by each woman), and, without reading each poem, noting simply what each brief excerpt included. You can read the results of those surveys at ‘Ink Black Heart: Intro to Epigraphs 101.’

The anticipated result of those tabulations was that the poetic epigraphs in Heart, in tandem with the cardiac Part headings from Grey’s Anatomy, were consistently about the heart as spiritual faculty rather than bodily pump. The surprise finding was that 13% of the epigraphs were from Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Aurora Leigh. John speculated in conclusion that it was the heart of Rowling’s sixth Strike-Ellacott novel:

Again, this is not the place to write at any length about the relevance of ‘Aurora Leigh’ as a mirroring text within Ink Black Heart. Like you, I look forward to Beatrice Groves’ exegesis to complement her Cuckoo’s Calling work with Rossetti’s ‘Dirge’ and Tennyson’s ‘Ulysses.’ The two important things to note here are only that ‘Aurora Leigh’ is the poem most deployed in Strike6 epigraphs and that it is a melange of “Biblical and classical history and mythology, as well as modern novels.” That it would work as something of a template or touchstone for Ink Black Heart, a novel with mythological and hermetic backdrops and archetypal symbols used to reinvent the depth and range of the most modern of genres, the murder mystery, as psychomachian allegory, seems almost a no-brainer. If you can only read one book or poem to buttress your understanding of Strike6, it has to be Durkheim’s Suicide, Evola’s Ride the Tiger, or Browning’s ‘Aurora Leigh,’ and I think the epic poem is your best bet.

When Rowling agreed to a live interview with Serious Strikers on Twitter the month after Ink Black Heart’s publication, one hosted by the Barmy Army, John listed the first question he would ask her to be about the importance if any of Aurora Leigh for understanding Strike 6: “Is Barret Browning’s Aurora Leigh the backdrop story to Ink Black Heart the way Rosmersholm and Faerie Queen were to the fourth and fifth Strike mysteries?”

Nick Jeffery included this question in a veritable barrage of questions he launched during the Barmy Army interview, and, incredibly, Rowling responded:

John concluded in his write up of the Barmy Army interview:

If I get “all credit” for the spotting, I must take the blame as well for misspelling Browning’s name and for Nick’s saying there were thirteen rather than fourteen Leigh epigraphs. All credit to @gbjeffen for succeeding in getting Rowling to answer a question, something I have not succeeding in doing in more than two decades of reading her work and writing about its artistry and meaning. Look for the seven point Ink Black Heart: Aurora Leigh post in the coming week.

John, however, never wrote up that '“seven point Ink Black Heart Aurora Leigh post” and his expectation of a Beatrice Groves exegesis also never materialized. That project was delayed until Nick Jeffery, in his years long effort to read everything Rowling has admitted to reading and liking (see this list of those books, a list that predates the 2022 revelations in re Aurora Leigh), arrived at the 1856 epic novel in blank verse. Last week Nick wrote up his findings here as ‘A Rowling Reading of Aurora Leigh: The Influence of Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Aurora Leigh on J.K. Rowling.’

John and Nick put Hallmarked Man aside, consequently, in this week’s conversation to talk about this poem, Nick’s essay, and the place of this work in Fourth Generation Rowling Studies. Enjoy!

Next week they’ll chart Part Three of Hallmarked Man, discuss the astrological symbols and meaning embedded in Strike 8’s names and plot points, and review with a Generation Hex special guest the long anticipated full-cast audio book of Harry Potter. and the Philosopher’s Stone. Stay tuned — and please join the Paid Subscribers club to keep the HogPro lights on and restore heat and power to John’s home! Many thanks to all subscribers around the world with a special shout-out this week to the six listeners in Norway: Tussen Takk!

The Ten Questions and Promised Links:

Little Women and Harry Potter: Jo Rowling is Jo March The Seven Points of Correspondence

You see, I was a plain — and that is relevant! you know that is relevant, that isn’t a trivial thing, especially when you’re a kid — I was a very plain, bookish, freckly, bright, little girl. I was a massive book worm and I spent a significant part of my reading looking for people like me.

Now I didn’t come up with nothing. Y’know, I remember Jo March who had a temper and wanted to be a writer so that was a lifeline. There’s a heroine in a book called Little White Horse that I’ve spoken about publicly who was plain and that was fabulous. “Wow! You get to be a heroine and get not to be a raving beauty..”

But y’know these were pretty slim pickings.

J. K. Rowling: Deathly Hallows, Part 2, DVD extras, ‘The Women of Harry Potter‘

Mightier than the Sword: Uncle Tom’s Cabin and the Battle for America

A fascinating look at the cultural roots, political impact, and enduring legacy of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s revolutionary bestseller.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin is likely the most influential novel ever written by an American. In a fitting tribute to the two hundredth anniversary of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s birth, Bancroft Prize-winning historian David S. Reynolds reveals her book’s impact not only on the abolitionist movement and the American Civil War but also on worldwide events, including the end of serfdom in Russia, down to its influence in the twentieth century. He explores how both Stowe’s background as the daughter in a famously intellectual family of preachers and her religious visions were fundamental to the novel. And he demonstrates why the book was beloved by millions―and won over even some southerners―while fueling lasting conflicts over the meaning of America. Although vilified over the years as often as praised, it has remained a cultural landmark, proliferating in the form of plays, songs, films, and merchandise―a rich legacy that has both fed and contested American racial stereotypes.

Interview Questions

1. [Nick] I wrote the essay, John, but the reason I read Aurora Leigh late 2025 dates back to September 2022 and a discovery you made while sorting through the 108 poetic epigraphs of Rowling’s Ink Black Heart. Before we jump into the Elizabeth Barrett Browning epic poem, can you run us through that effort and finding?

2. [John] 13% of course is nothing like the 100% epigraphical backdrops of Lethal White and Troubled Blood but, just reading the Wikipedia summary of Aurora Leigh, I thought it a very strong possibility that it might have served a similar function for Ink Black Heart. Which is where you enter the picture, Nick. I’ve never managed to get Rowling to answer even one of my questions in a quarter century of asking; you pried three answers out of her in one go! And on your first effort? Please tell us that story and what Rowling revealed about Aurora Leigh.

3. [Nick] And so we had almost immediate confirmation of your highly speculative conclusion from the epigraphs, John. And you promised a seven point essay of compare and contrast criticism vis a vis Aurora Leigh and Ink Black Heart. What happened to that post?

4. [John] So my notes for that were put aside, literally folded and stuffed in my Norton Critical edition of Aurora Leigh, waiting for the leisure time post dissertation to read the verse-novel and write up the seven points. But you revived that long forgotten project with your essay, Nick, so let’s skip to that work. I’m confident few of our listeners are familiar with Elizabeth Barrett Browning or her most important and final poem; can you introduce us to both subjects?

5. [John] How easy or hard was it to enter into the story, visualize the surroundings, and empathize with the characters?

6. [John] And you charted the ring of Aurora Leigh’s nine parts in your post! How hard was that? You didn’t discuss it at any length in your post; how important do you think that is for understanding the work? Was it largely a hat-tip to the great epic poets?

7. [John] If I had one complaint about your exegesis it’s that you only spent two sentences on what I thought were profound findings, namely the ‘meaning in the middle’ and the turtle-back correspondences between parts two and eight. Those are the giant take-aways, I think, of Leigh’s influence on Rowling the Re-Reader and Magpie Borrower-Writer, no? Say some more about that, please.

8. [John] You wrote that Rowling’s selections from Aurora Leigh for epigraphs “are not arbitrary; they serve as interpretive keys, inviting readers to draw connections between the 19th-century verse and Rowling’s modern tale of online toxicity, anonymity, and justice.” Can you give us some examples of what you mean?

9. [John] Rowling specifies a parallel between Heart’s Zoe and Leigh’s Marian. Can you explain that link and its importance and any other character parallels and inspirations?

10. [John] You close with ‘Thematic Resonances and Broader Literary Influence,’ which are probably the most important connections between EBB and JKR beyond the plot point parallels and character echoes in Ink Black Heart. Can you summarize those in a way to push Serious Strikers and Rowling Readers to make the effort to find a copy of Aurora Leigh and read it?

*Optional [Nick] So how close did I come to your ‘seven points,’ John?

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