The conjugation of oligonucleotides with various ligands to enhance their delivery, stability, and specificity for targeted therapeutics has become a cornerstone in the development of next-generation molecular therapies. These ligands can facilitate targeted delivery to specific tissues, cells, or intracellular compartments, thereby improving the therapeutic index of oligonucleotides. Beyond cholesterol, folic acid, and spermine, a wide range of ligands have been explored for these purposes. Here's an overview of the classes and examples of ligands used in oligonucleotide conjugation.