We’re revisiting one of the biggest policy missteps of the 20th century: Herbert Hoover’s decision to sign the Smoot–Hawley Tariff. He set out to help struggling farmers, but politics and log-rolling turned a targeted fix into a trade wall that sparked international retaliation.

This episode walks you through Hoover’s technocratic mindset, the mounting pressures that pushed him to sign, and the bitter lesson about how sensible-sounding policies can spiral into disaster. It’s a cautionary tale that still feels relevant today.