The TCP/IP Model is the backbone of how the internet actually works. Instead of seven layers like OSI, this model keeps things lean with four layers: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Interface.

Each layer has one job — from how apps send data, to how packets are routed across the globe, to how bits leave your physical device. Together they form the end-to-end system that lets billions of machines speak the same digital language.

In this episode, we explore:

• What the TCP/IP Model is and why it replaced OSI in real-world networking

• How the four layers work: Application, Transport (TCP/UDP), Internet (IP), and Network Interface

• Core protocols: TCP, IP, HTTP, SMTP, DNS, SNMP, FTP, Telnet

• Why TCP/IP is both scalable and brutally reliable

• OSI vs TCP/IP — the practical differences engineers actually care about

• Advantages, limitations, and how the stack shapes every modern network today

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