The Investment Advisers Act of 1940, more commonly known as the 40 Act, is a U.S. federal law that defines the role and responsibilities of an investment advisor. Prompted in part by a 1935 report to Congress on investment trusts and investment companies prepared by the SEC, the act provides the legal groundwork for monitoring those who advise pension funds, individuals and institutions on investing. It specifies what qualifies as investment advice and stipulates who must register with state and federal regulators in order to dispense it.