In 1917, the political vocabulary of Russia became inseparable from its social conflict. The same words — "democracy," "the people," "the bourgeoisie" — meant different things to different groups, and each reading drew its own line between friend and enemy. This is how the language of the revolution turned, word by word, into a primer of hatred for the civil war to come.

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Based on the article by historian Konstantin Tarasov. All rights belong to pontvs.academy.

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