Jonah chapter 4 captures the prophet’s emotional reaction to God’s mercy toward Ninevah. After Ninevah repents and is spared, Jonah becomes angry, feeling that God’s compassion toward such a wicked city is unjust. God uses a plant, which grows and withers quickly, to teach Jonah about his own mercy and sovereignty. The chapter highlights themes of God’s boundless grace, even toward those we deem undeserving, and challenges the reader to reflect on their own understanding of justice, mercy, and compassion.