The Archaeologist's Notebook

How far back does human music really go? Today, Giselle digs through 40,000 years of archaeological history to uncover the origins of music. Pop your headphones on and hear what the ancient world really sounded like!

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Links to Musical Performances:

Albin Paulus playing a modern reconstruction of the vulture bone from Hohle Fels, often called " Hohle Fels Flute" or 'primitive clarinet': youtube.com/watch?v=obTQG1i4A78

Albin Paulus playing a modern reconstruction of the Geissenklosterle Mammoth bone flute: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/jGrQfVIqwy8

Bullroarer perfomed by David Oliver www.davidolivermusic.com / Filmed by Andy Ballard www.forestphotographics.co.uk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgveIjgBnYk

Dr Loup-Ringot playing a Lithophone:

https://youtube.com/shorts/MeDoMvIBOx4?si=_11uGmOjyaSGVcoF

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o6JlWNGN_WY

Lyre perfomed by Luc Vanlaere: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lslfCo40x7o

Har-Mose lute played by Jeff Charest: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuY6EjL47ts

Michael Levy performing the Hurrian Hymn to Nikkal on the Lyre: https://youtu.be/x-Yq_6c9bKg?si=jI45YoxISMku5_TT

Michael Levy performing the Epitaph of Seikilos on the Ancient Greek Lyre: https://youtu.be/c4lsmdt_3LQ?si=16SEQpm-xCyLmwNh

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Source Materials:

Alamy

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Floete_Schwanenknochen_Geissenkloesterle_Blaubeuren.jpg by Thilo Parg. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bull-headed_lyre_recovered_from_the_royal_cemetery_of_Ur_Iraq_2550-2450_BCE_Gold_Lapis_Lazuli_(2).jpg ,Mary Harrsch, CC BY 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en

Echoes of the Ancient South - Vol. 2 - Oldest Song Ever: Hurrian Hymn to Nikkal (1400 BCE) by TERA MANGALA MEDITATION MUSIC

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2._St%C3%A8le_portant_l%E2%80%99inscription_de_Seikilos.jpg by inharecherche. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AquincM6.jpg#/media/File:Roman_pipe_organ_Aquincum.jpg by Jerzy Kociatkiewicz. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/

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Where is Alexander the Great really buried? What does the unreadable Voynich Manuscript actually say? And what on earth was the Roman dodecahedron used for? Today, Giselle dives into three fascinating unsolved mysteries archaeologists still haven't solved!

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Source Materials:

Alamy

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saqqara,_Sarcophagus_of_Nectanebo_II_(never_used),_British_Museum.jpg , Jona Lendering, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nectanebo_II_sarcophagus.jpg , Markh at English Wikipedia, CC BY 3.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nectanebo_II_sarcophagus.jpg , Markh at English Wikipedia, CC BY 3.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saqqara,_Sarcophagus_of_Nectanebo_II_(never_used),_British_Museum.jpg , Jona Lendering, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en

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What does a real archaeologist bring to an excavation? In today's video, Giselle goes through all of the items, surprising and unsurprising, when digging in the trenches!

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Welcome to The Archaeologist's Notebook! Your hub for uncovering and understanding thousands of years of human history, with working archaeologist Giselle Király.

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Source Materials:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orycto_metatarsal_in_situ_Wayan.jpg , Laureljk, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

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Did ancient Egyptians wear eyeliner for style or medicine? In today's video, Giselle investigates the archaeology of cosmetics! Taking a look at lead-based foundations in ancient China and Roman cosmetic counters using oyster shells, Giselle looks at how our ancestors really painted their faces and puts these historical recipes to the test by trying ancient looks herself!

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Source Materials:

Alamy

Getty

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KAMA_Bo%C3%AEtes_%C3%A0_maquillage.jpg , Kerameikos Archaeological Museum, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/deed.en

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-022-01290-6#additional-information Han, B., Zhang, B., Chong, J. et al. Beauty and chemistry: the independent origins of synthetic lead white in east and west Eurasia. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 9, 281 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01290-6 , http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Historical Han (https://www.tiktok.com/@historical_han_?lang=en-GB)

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Why are archaeologists digging up skeletons pinned with iron ploughs, surrounded by sickles, or buried with stones wedged into their jaws? In today's video, Giselle investigates real deviant burials across Europe. From post-medieval "vampire" graves in Poland and Bulgaria to Roman child necropolises and medieval ash burials in England, discover the dark archaeology and folklore behind why our ancestors genuinely believed corpses could rise from the dead and the lengths they went to in order to keep them in the ground.

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Source Materials:

Alamy

Dr. Amy Scott / Trent University

Photograph by Andreas F. Borchert - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roscommon_St._Mary%27s_Priory_Choir_Tomb_Effigy_2014_08_28.jpg

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"Why are 2,000-year-old human bodies emerging from European peat bogs with intact skin, eyelashes, and manicured fingernails? In today's video, Giselle breaks down the weird chemistry that turns human remains into leather time capsules. We re-examine famous cold cases like Tollund Man, Grauballe Man, and Lindow Man, unpack the mysterious Iron Age Celtic ritual known as the ""triple death"", and explore the bizarre true story of how a 1,700-year-old Roman skull trapped a 1980s killer into confessing.

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Welcome to The Archaeologist's Notebook! Your hub for uncovering and understanding thousands of years of human history, with working archaeologist Giselle Király.

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Source Materials:

Alamy

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bog_butter_-_Ulster_Museum.JPG , Bazonka, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bog_butter_in_wooden_vessel.JPG , Bazonka, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bog_butter.JPG , Navaro, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

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In 1963, while renovating his house, a man in Turkey accidentally found an entire sprawling, 2,000-year-old underground city lost to time. Originally home to 20,000 people, in today's video, Giselle looks at the history and archaeology of Derinkuyu. Why was this city built? Who built it? And what was the day-to-day life like for these people who lived deep underground? Giselle answers all!

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Source Materials:

Getty

Alamy

Yasir999/Wikimedia/CC BY-SA 4.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reconstruction-Derinkuyu-underground.jpg

https://img.atlasobscura.com/0ILfCs_wqn98g5l4QHQL7mpP8fAYdziORXp3LTl4Z50/rt:fit/w:1280/q:81/sm:1/scp:1/ar:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9hdGxh/cy1kZXYuczMuYW1h/em9uYXdzLmNvbS91/cGxvYWRzL2Fzc2V0/cy9iNGQ2N2Y0ZTJk/YTQ3MTJiMWRfVW5k/ZXJncm91bmQtQ2l0/eS1EZXJpbmt1eXUu/anBlZw.jpg

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Is the movie The Monuments Men historically accurate? In this episode, Giselle looks into the real story of the historians, curators, and academics who risked their lives on the front lines of World War Two!

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Source Materials:

National Archives (239-RC-14-5 /

Getty

Deane Hancock French Collection

File: CAD 000.4 (3-25-43) (1), Sec. 2, Security Classified General Correspondence, 1943-July 1949, General Records, Civil Affairs Division, Records of the War Department General and Special Staffs, RG 165. US National Archives

National Archives (111-SC-188691)

National Archives (239-RC-1-7)

National Archives (111-SC-209654))

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In 1922, Howard Carter uncovered the intact tomb of King Tutankhamun, changing Egyptian history forever. But how much of the story do you actually know? Today, Giselle explores the chaotic history behind the excavation, the destructive methods used to unwrap the boy king, and modern forensic discoveries.

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Source Materials:

©Vyacheslav Argenberg, CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Thesupermat, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

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In today’s video, Giselle is joined by actor, comedian, and SNL UK star George Fouracres to discuss the archaeology behind William Shakespeare!

Together, they talk about the influence archaeology and history have on George’s professional life, look into how archaeological discoveries help our understanding of Shakespeare's plays, examine real Elizabethan artefacts, and discuss the fascinating excavation of King Richard III!

SNL UK is available on Sky and NOW

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Source Materials:

Sky / Charlotte Rutherford

Sky / Matt Crockettt

Alamy

Trustees of the British Museum

Johan Persson

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