Explore socialism's origins in 19th-century Industrial Revolution Europe, where brutal factory conditions and worker exploitation sparked revolutionary thinking. Meet the early visionaries like Robert Owen, who proved worker-friendly policies could be profitable, and utopian socialists Charles Fourier and Henri de Saint-Simon, who dreamed of cooperative communities. Discover how Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels transformed these noble aspirations into "scientific socialism," analyzing capitalism's inherent contradictions and creating the revolutionary blueprint found in The Communist Manifesto. This episode traces socialism's evolution from scattered reform ideas to a comprehensive critique of capitalism that would inspire global movements for over a century.

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