Seth and JJ talk about human smuggling as a business operation and explain how human smuggling is different from human trafficking. Who are the people involved in the business of human smuggling? How do people pay for smuggling and how much does it cost? How are people vulnerable in the smuggling process? Seth shares of few of his precarious experiences while transiting to Cambodia. JJ talks about snakeheads in China, including the infamous Sister Ping.

Sources:

* Tinti, Peter and Tuesday Reitano. Migrant, Refugee, Smuggler, Savior. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.

* The Cost Of Crossing, Planet Money

* United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols Thereto, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

* Snakehead empress who made millions trafficking in misery, The Guardian

* A Smuggler of Immigrants Dies in Prison, but Is Praised in Chinatown, The New York Times

* Supporting the Snakeheads: Human Smuggling from China and the 1996 Amendment to the U.S. Statutory Definition of Refugee, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

* China Is Among Worst Human Trafficking Offenders, State Dept. Says, The New York Times

* How can migrants afford huge smuggling fees? Three answers, Open Borders

* Prices Charged by Human Smugglers, HavocScope

* Human smuggling fees, Open Borders

* An Analysis of Migrant Smuggling Costs along the Southwest Border, US Department of Homeland Security

* Smugglers up prices for crossing border, Mexico News Daily

* Border Crossing Costs, Mexican Migration Project

* The Conservative Case for Immigration Tariffs, Competitive Enterprise Institute

* Photo: Ggia on Wikipedia