Willem Klooster, discusses, “The Caribbean Mule Trade: An Illicit Inter-Imperial Business”. Klooster is Professor and Chair of the Department of History at Clark University. This discussion was included in the conference session topic,”Smuggling”.

The Caribbean Mule Trade: An Illicit Inter-Imperial Business

This conference explores the shadowy realms of the Atlantic that connected four continents but also disrupted its various imperial structures. The participants will investigate important historical and historiographical questions about the nature of unlawful exchanges and the relationship between settler-colonists, pirates, and smugglers in the creation of “illicit Atlantic worlds” beyond state control.

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The Caribbean Mule Trade: An Illicit Inter-Imperial Business

The Caribbean Mule Trade: An Illicit Inter-Imperial Business