“Relief or regret?” That is the question Motorola Solutions Chairman and CEO Greg Brown uses to test consequential decisions.

In a candid conversation with Penny Pritzker and Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson, Brown explains how nearly two decades of reinvention, activist pressure and private-equity involvement changed the way he leads. Working with activists made him more accountable and pushed him, he says, from thinking “like a manager” to thinking “like an owner.”

He is equally open about the moments when that judgment was tested. When Motorola Solutions’ board considered selling the company, Brown told directors: “This is bullshit. And if you want to fire me, go ahead and fire me.” He later apologized for the delivery, but not the substance, then ran the process the board had asked for. No buyer emerged, but the process ultimately led to Silver Lake investing in Motorola.

Brown also explains how he decides what Motorola should build, buy or partner on, and how he keeps the company moving through successive reinventions without losing sight of what should remain core.

United Airlines CEO Scott Kirby wants to build what he calls the “undisputed flag carrier of the United States.” He argues that airlines are not commodities and that greater scale could benefit customers, but acknowledges a fundamental obstacle to consolidation: “We can’t get it done without a willing partner, and we don’t have one.”

In this episode of The CEO Signal, Kirby discusses the decade-long push to transform United and how he thinks about the bets required to do it. A former card counter who says senior executives should play high-stakes poker with their own money, Kirby warns against assuming the answer is in the spreadsheet. “The important thing,” he says, is to understand and question the assumptions.

Hosted by Penny Pritzker and Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson, the conversation also looks back at United’s aircraft strategy during Covid. As competitors retired widebody aircraft and shrank their fleets, United moved in the opposite direction. Kirby believed the risk-reward had shifted: “We don’t actually have to be totally right,” he told the board. “We just have to not be totally wrong.” Kirby also explains why building employee pride means eliminating the things employees have to apologize for, and why a CEO’s job is “not to work hard. It’s to think hard.”

The CEO Signal is Semafor's interview platform for conversations with the global CEOs whose decisions are shaping the future of the new world economy. Hosted by Penny Pritzker and Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson, the show explores the moments of judgment that define leadership.

Penny Pritzker is the founder and chairman of PSP Partners and served as U.S. Secretary of Commerce from 2013 to 2017.

Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson is CEO Editor at Semafor and a former Financial Times journalist who has spent decades covering global companies and corporate leadership.

Jon Gray, chief operating officer of the $1.3 trillion asset manager Blackstone, says one of the firm’s distinguishing habits is to “go big” when it finds a theme it believes in. But he also says successful convictions need to be challenged, particularly as Blackstone invests heavily around artificial intelligence. “You keep pressing against what you’re doing to confirm that you haven’t just sort of fallen in love,” he says.

In this episode of The CEO Signal, Gray describes investing as “pattern recognition”: finding “good neighborhoods,” and connecting the dots before others do. Hosted by Penny Pritzker and Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson, the conversation also explores how Blackstone makes investment decisions at scale and why Gray worries strong systems can “stamp out the entrepreneurial spirit.” 

Gray also addresses the current debate around private credit. He says lower returns as rates fall and spreads tighten would be a “totally reasonable criticism,” while rejecting claims that the asset class is creating systemic risk or heading for collapse as “not very logical.”

The CEO Signal is Semafor's interview platform for conversations with the global CEOs whose decisions are shaping the future of the new world economy. Hosted by Penny Pritzker and Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson, the show explores the moments of judgment that define leadership.

Penny Pritzker is the founder and chairman of PSP Partners and served as U.S. Secretary of Commerce from 2013 to 2017.

Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson is CEO Editor at Semafor and a former Financial Times journalist who has spent decades covering global companies and corporate leadership.

Netflix co-founder and former CEO Reed Hastings says AI could unleash a new wave of “creative destruction” as companies use rapidly improving technology not just to cut costs, but to challenge competitors and build new businesses.

In this episode of The CEO Signal, Hastings notes that AI has been getting “roughly twice as good every year” and says CEOs should think of it as the equivalent of doubling their workforce. He also explains why it’s not the paranoid who survive  “it’s really the people who have judgment” — leaders who can distinguish the threats and opportunities that truly matter.

Hosted by Penny Pritzker and Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson, the conversation also explores the culture Hastings built at Netflix, why he's taken on the "really hard" challenge of turning around a Utah ski resort, and how he knew when it was time to step away and let Ted Sarandos and Greg Peters lead without him.

The CEO Signal is Semafor's interview platform for conversations with the global CEOs whose decisions are shaping the future of the new world economy. Hosted by Penny Pritzker and Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson, the show explores the moments of judgment that define leadership.

Penny Pritzker is the founder and chairman of PSP Partners and served as U.S. Secretary of Commerce from 2013 to 2017.

Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson is CEO Editor at Semafor and a former Financial Times journalist who has spent decades covering global companies and corporate leadership.

Affirm founder and CEO Max Levchin built his company to behave like your “smarter older sister”: helping customers make better decisions rather than profiting from their mistakes.

In this episode of The CEO Signal, he explains how that philosophy shaped Affirm and why it may become even more important as AI transforms consumer finance.

Hosted by Penny Pritzker and Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson, the conversation explores how Levchin has translated that philosophy into Affirm’s products, culture and decision-making as the company has grown. He also explains how his identity as an “immigrant engineer” shapes his leadership, and why he studies dystopian science fiction to help prevent the AI future he is “working very hard to prevent.”

The CEO Signal is Semafor's interview platform for conversations with the global CEOs whose decisions are shaping the future of the new world economy. Hosted by Penny Pritzker and Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson, the show explores the moments of judgment that define leadership.

Penny Pritzker is the founder and chairman of PSP Partners and served as U.S. Secretary of Commerce from 2013 to 2017.

Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson is CEO Editor at Semafor and a former Financial Times journalist who has spent decades covering global companies and corporate leadership.

Patrice Louvet says Ralph Lauren left about $1 billion in revenue on the table as it pulled back from places where, “frankly, we weren’t proud of being.” When he became CEO in 2017, the company had stretched its brand too far. His challenge was to restore the brand without compromising the creative “magic” that made Ralph Lauren distinctive.

After nearly three decades at Procter & Gamble, Louvet came from a world of data, structure and business logic. At Ralph Lauren, he had to learn when the numbers should lead and when they should follow the magic. Defining the company as being in the “dreams business” became the foundation for deciding where the brand belonged, what it should stop doing and how it could grow without losing what made it special.

Today, Ralph Lauren has no shortage of opportunities to expand — including into hotels, Louvet says. The challenge is no longer finding new avenues for growth, but knowing which ones to pursue without repeating the gradual dilution that weakened the brand before.

For Louvet, that comes down to a deceptively simple principle: knowing what you can do is not the same as knowing what you should do.

About the Show

The CEO Signal is Semafor's interview platform for conversations with the global CEOs whose decisions are shaping the future of the new world economy. Hosted by Penny Pritzker and Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson, the show explores the moments of judgment that define leadership.

Penny Pritzker is the founder and chairman of PSP Partners and served as U.S. Secretary of Commerce from 2013 to 2017.

Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson is CEO Editor at Semafor and a former Financial Times journalist who has spent decades covering global companies and corporate leadership.

In this episode of The CEO Signal, Chuck Robbins talks about the people decisions behind a transformation as sweeping as Cisco's repositioning for the age of AI. He says executives need to “disagree and commit,” but warns that CEOs shouldn't tolerate people who aren't on board with the strategy. “The one thing that is like death in an organization is passive aggressive behavior,” he says.

Hosted by Penny Pritzker and Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson, the conversation explores how Robbins has pushed Cisco beyond its traditional networking hardware roots toward software, security, recurring revenue and the infrastructure behind AI. He describes Cisco’s role in the AI buildout as supplying the connectivity, silicon and security layer that allows large-scale AI to run. “At the end of the day, you have to connect all these things,” he says.

Robbins reflects on how his own leadership has changed after more than 10 years as CEO, including when to step out of the room, so the CEO’s viewpoint doesn’t distort the decision-making process.

He says the decisions that reach the his desk usually involve “two bad choices,” with major unknowns, or choosing between two respected leaders who fundamentally disagree. In those moments, he argues, delay can be worse than error: “A bad decision that is reversed is better than a delayed decision.”

His advice to other CEOs trying to keep large organizations moving at the speed of AI is to “be the pace car.” For Robbins, that means setting the pace on communication, learning, and responsiveness, from regular company-wide communication to AI training for employees and even the board. “If you want your team to move faster,” he says, “you have to move faster.”

About the show

The CEO Signal is Semafor’s interview platform for conversations with the global CEOs whose decisions are shaping the future of the new world economy. Hosted by Penny Pritzker and Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson, the show explores the moments of judgment that define leadership.

Penny Pritzker is the founder and chairman of PSP Partners and served as U.S. Secretary of Commerce from 2013 to 2017.

Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson is CEO Editor at Semafor and a former Financial Times journalist who has spent decades covering global companies and corporate leadership.

"There should be more voices" in the corporate world speaking up on societal issues, Allstate CEO Tom Wilson says in this episode of The CEO Signal. “CEOs need to stand up and decide what’s important to them, what’s important to their customers — and take a stand.”

Wilson has led Allstate for nearly two decades, running a business built on trust at a time when trust in America is under pressure. He explains why declining trust is not just a social problem, but a business risk for an insurance company whose promise is to be there when customers need it most.

Wilson discusses why he believes companies have four roles: serving customers, making money for shareholders, creating opportunity for employees, and improving communities. That philosophy has shaped Allstate’s stance on issues from climate resilience and personal privacy to wages, good jobs, and the future of work in an AI-driven economy.

He also talks about the 20-year journey of turning purpose from a corporate slogan into daily practice — including Allstate’s work helping more than 75,000 employees identify their own personal purpose. “If you want to be a purpose-driven company,” he says, “you have to be powered by purpose-driven people.”

Wilson reflects on his evolving leadership style, why “greater clarity leads to greater empowerment,” and how CEOs must be willing to pick the big moments and be “in the change” if they want organizations to move.

The CEO Signal is Semafor’s interview platform for conversations with the global CEOs whose decisions are shaping the future of the new world economy. Hosted by Penny Pritzker and Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson, the show explores the moments of judgment that define leadership.

Penny Pritzker is the founder and chairman of PSP Partners and served as U.S. Secretary of Commerce from 2013 to 2017.

Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson is CEO Editor at Semafor and a former Financial Times journalist who has spent decades covering global companies and corporate leadership.

“If somebody’s going to punch me, I’m going to punch back,” Verizon CEO Dan Schulman says in this episode of The CEO Signal.

Schulman, who came out of retirement six months ago to lead the $200 billion telecoms company, reveals that he initially turned the job down — twice. But his mandate is blunt: stop losing customers to its rivals, regain Verizon’s “swagger,” and move it from a defensive posture to one that is “playing to win.”

That reset has come with hard choices. Schulman discusses Verizon’s major restructuring, why he chose to announce 13,000 job cuts all at once rather than “bleed it out over multiple quarters,” and why he thinks about CEOs have responsibilities to employees who are leaving as well as those who remain.

Schulman describes the job of leadership as defining reality while inspiring hope — even when the reality is uncomfortable.

Schulman also looks ahead to the convergence of AI, quantum computing and robotics, and argues that CEOs need to be open-minded, humble and fast-moving. “A quick decision that is wrong and you self-correct,” he says, “is way better than spending months creating the perfect decision.”

About the show

The CEO Signal is Semafor’s interview platform for conversations with the global CEOs whose decisions are shaping the future of the new world economy. Hosted by Penny Pritzker and Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson, the show explores the moments of judgment that define leadership.

Penny Pritzker is the founder and chairman of PSP Partners and served as U.S. Secretary of Commerce from 2013 to 2017.

Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson is CEO Editor at Semafor and a former Financial Times journalist who has spent decades covering global companies and corporate leadership.

What does it take to make big bets inside a public company?

In this episode of The CEO Signal, IBM Chairman and CEO Arvind Krishna discusses how he thinks about major strategic decisions at a moment of rapid technological change — from hybrid cloud to AI and quantum.

At the center of the conversation is IBM’s acquisition of Red Hat — a decision Krishna helped drive before becoming CEO, and one that reveals how he thinks about conviction, resistance, and making a consequential call before the outcome is obvious.

Krishna explains why IBM chose to bet on hybrid cloud rather than try to become another hyperscale player, how he thinks about large strategic bets inside a public company, and how that logic now shapes IBM’s approach to AI and quantum computing.

He also lays out the case for a more hybrid AI future, a larger role for domain-specific models, and a quantum shift he believes business leaders should already be preparing for.

About the show

The CEO Signal is Semafor’s interview platform for conversations with the global CEOs whose decisions are shaping the future of the new world economy. Hosted by Penny Pritzker and Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson, the show explores the moments of judgment that define leadership.

Penny Pritzker is the founder and chairman of PSP Partners and served as U.S. Secretary of Commerce from 2013 to 2017.

Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson is CEO Editor at Semafor and a veteran Financial Times journalist who has spent decades covering global companies and corporate leadership.