In 2004, the first ICC Prosecutor decided to open a preliminary examination into the Colombian situation, being the longest PE to date. In several reports, the OTP has stated that there is a reasonable basis to believe that war crimes and crimes against humanity have been committed in the country. However, it has not decided to request authorization to open an investigation.

As part of the 2016 Peace Agreement, Colombia established the Special Jurisdiction for Peace to prosecute conflict-related crimes committed by FARC and State Forces. However, hostilities have continued, as well as the targeting of human rights defenders and former guerrilla members.

In June, the second ICC Prosecutor published a benchmarking consultation on the Colombia preliminary examination, aiming to develop a roadmap for reaching a determination that the new and third ICC Prosecutor shall take up.