In late September 2020, the twenty-six-year-old frozen conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh heated back up. Beyond the battlefield, the conflict has been punctuated by attacks on non-military targets. For example, the ballistic missile attacks on the Azerbaijani city of Ganja resulted in civilian casualties. Seven weeks into the current conflict, Azerbaijan made some gains in capturing its occupied lands from Armenia. In the meantime, several ceasefires have been agreed upon but failed. It remains to be seen whether the most recent ceasefire will hold and we will return to the ‘frozen conflict’ status quo. What are the implications of the recent conflict for the geopolitical dynamics in the region? How do Russia and Turkey’s roles come into play? What are some of the likely scenarios lying ahead?