A few days ago, half the internet went dark.

A single botched DNS update inside Amazon Web Services—one bad line of code—took down everything from Slack and Starbucks to Roblox, Zoom, and Venmo. For most of a day, billions of dollars of global commerce and communication froze because a single server cluster in Northern Virginia couldn’t talk to the rest of the world.

This wasn’t a cyber attack. It was a self-inflicted wound. But as we discuss in this episode, it showed how fragile the internet really is. The global network that was designed to survive nuclear war now depends on a handful of private data centers and three American companies. The architecture of resilience has quietly turned into one of concentration.

From there, we zoom out. If AWS going down for twelve hours can paralyze the world economy, what could a deliberate cyber strike do? We talk through Russia’s attacks on Ukraine, North Korea’s Lazarus Group, China’s massive data theft operations, and the long shadow of the U.S.-Israeli Stuxnet worm that sabotaged Iran’s nuclear centrifuges.

So far, the effects of cyber war have looked less like World War III and more like chaos at scale—costly, disorienting, but survivable. Even Russia’s most destructive attack, NotPetya, caused billions in damage but didn’t change the political balance in Ukraine. As Galen puts it, cyber remains an intelligence game: useful for spying and disruption, but not yet for victory.

Still, the tools keep getting sharper. AI systems can now find vulnerabilities faster than humans can patch them. Quantum computing, if it delivers on its promise, could one day shatter encryption altogether. When that happens, the line between security failure and strategic collapse could get very thin.

For now, the internet is still running. But the outage was a warning. Complexity breeds fragility. And in a world where code runs everything, a single update can turn Monday into the day the lights go out.

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