Wild Wonders

The Evolution and Diversity of Turtle Shells


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Explores the evolution and anatomy of the turtle shell, emphasizing that it is a unique part of the animal’s skeleton, formed from fused ribs and the spine rather than being an external covering. It describes the two main shell components—the carapace (upper shell) and the plastron (lower shell)—noting that fossil evidence indicates the plastron evolved first. The discussion also highlights the diversity of turtle and tortoise species, such as the alligator snapping turtle, mata mata, and softshell turtle, each adapted to specific environments through features like camouflage, underwater respiration, or side-neck retraction. The text concludes by presenting the idea that the shell may have originally evolved for burrowing and stability, not solely for protection.

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