The Fourth Way

Our whole season has been laying the groundwork for this episode. Given what we know about our wills, how we are formed, and who God is, I explore one possible explanation for how evil could have originated in a good world.

Problem of Evil: 

• Malum: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/61246316-malum?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=paPzsluSl5&rank=2
• Wandering in Darkness: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/9777316-wandering-in-darkness?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=4jYGNHzsuT&rank=1
• Consolation of Philosophy: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/31837.The_Consolation_of_Philosophy?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=mDPZQn2ir1&rank=2
• Making Sense Out of Suffering: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/256138.Making_Sense_Out_of_Suffering 
• The Doors of the Sea: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/863944.The_Doors_of_the_Sea?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=SxwkUGiFly&rank=1

Free Will: 

• Desiring the Kingdom: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/219643834-desiring-the-kingdom-cultural-liturgies?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=dIy2Edibsy&rank=2 
•  Free Will Podcast: https://thefreewillshow.com/ 
• Freedom of the Will: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18923116-freedom-of-the-will?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=oh8V1io1tq&rank=1
• What is a Truly Free Will?: https://publicorthodoxy.org/2020/04/24/what-is-a-truly-free-will/
• Freedom and Belief: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1095873.Freedom_and_Belief?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=S1WFFMzcUj&rank=2

A huge thanks to Seth White for the awesome music!

• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/thewayfourth/?modal=admin_todo_tour
• YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTd3KlRte86eG9U40ncZ4XA?view_as=subscriber
• Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theway4th/ 
• Kingdom Outpost: https://kingdomoutpost.org/
• My Reading List Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21940220.J_G_Elliot

Before we can attempt to look at evil, we must have a good grasp on morality and purpose. We discuss both of those concepts in this episode.

Associated Episodes: 

• 282 Morality of Being: https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/282-s11e9-5-a-morality-of-being
• 281 Impossibility of Self-Purposing: https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/281-s11e9-4-the-impossibility-of-self-purposing
•  280 Eudaimonism: https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/280-s11e9-3-eudaimonism-a-foundation-of-would

Free Will: 

• Desiring the Kingdom: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/219643834-desiring-the-kingdom-cultural-liturgies?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=dIy2Edibsy&rank=2 
•  Free Will Podcast: https://thefreewillshow.com/ 
• Freedom of the Will: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18923116-freedom-of-the-will?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=oh8V1io1tq&rank=1
• What is a Truly Free Will?: https://publicorthodoxy.org/2020/04/24/what-is-a-truly-free-will/
• Freedom and Belief: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1095873.Freedom_and_Belief?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=S1WFFMzcUj&rank=2

Problem of Evil: 

• Malum: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/61246316-malum?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=paPzsluSl5&rank=2
• Wandering in Darkness: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/9777316-wandering-in-darkness?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=4jYGNHzsuT&rank=1
• Consolation of Philosophy: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/31837.The_Consolation_of_Philosophy?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=mDPZQn2ir1&rank=2
• Making Sense Out of Suffering: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/256138.Making_Sense_Out_of_Suffering 
• The Doors of the Sea: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/863944.The_Doors_of_the_Sea?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=SxwkUGiFly&rank=1

A huge thanks to Seth White for the awesome music!

• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/thewayfourth/?modal=admin_todo_tour
• YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTd3KlRte86eG9U40ncZ4XA?view_as=subscriber
• Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theway4th/ 
• Kingdom Outpost: https://kingdomoutpost.org/
• My Reading List Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21940220.J_G_Elliot

Free Will: 

• Desiring the Kingdom: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/219643834-desiring-the-kingdom-cultural-liturgies?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=dIy2Edibsy&rank=2 
•  Free Will Podcast: https://thefreewillshow.com/ 
• Freedom of the Will: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18923116-freedom-of-the-will?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=oh8V1io1tq&rank=1
• What is a Truly Free Will?: https://publicorthodoxy.org/2020/04/24/what-is-a-truly-free-will/
• Freedom and Belief: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1095873.Freedom_and_Belief?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=S1WFFMzcUj&rank=2

Problem of Evil: 

• Malum: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/61246316-malum?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=paPzsluSl5&rank=2
• Wandering in Darkness: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/9777316-wandering-in-darkness?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=4jYGNHzsuT&rank=1
• Consolation of Philosophy: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/31837.The_Consolation_of_Philosophy?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=mDPZQn2ir1&rank=2
• Making Sense Out of Suffering: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/256138.Making_Sense_Out_of_Suffering 
• The Doors of the Sea: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/863944.The_Doors_of_the_Sea?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=SxwkUGiFly&rank=1

A huge thanks to Seth White for the awesome music!

• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/thewayfourth/?modal=admin_todo_tour
• YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTd3KlRte86eG9U40ncZ4XA?view_as=subscriber
• Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theway4th/ 
• Kingdom Outpost: https://kingdomoutpost.org/
• My Reading List Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21940220.J_G_Elliot

What role does desire play in regard to the will, and can we choose our own desires?

Free Will: 

• Desiring the Kingdom: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/219643834-desiring-the-kingdom-cultural-liturgies?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=dIy2Edibsy&rank=2 
•  Free Will Podcast: https://thefreewillshow.com/ 
• Freedom of the Will: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18923116-freedom-of-the-will?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=oh8V1io1tq&rank=1
• What is a Truly Free Will?: https://publicorthodoxy.org/2020/04/24/what-is-a-truly-free-will/
• Freedom and Belief: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1095873.Freedom_and_Belief?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=S1WFFMzcUj&rank=2

Problem of Evil: 

• Malum: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/61246316-malum?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=paPzsluSl5&rank=2
• Wandering in Darkness: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/9777316-wandering-in-darkness?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=4jYGNHzsuT&rank=1
• Consolation of Philosophy: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/31837.The_Consolation_of_Philosophy?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=mDPZQn2ir1&rank=2
• Making Sense Out of Suffering: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/256138.Making_Sense_Out_of_Suffering 
• The Doors of the Sea: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/863944.The_Doors_of_the_Sea?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=SxwkUGiFly&rank=1

A huge thanks to Seth White for the awesome music!

• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/thewayfourth/?modal=admin_todo_tour
• YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTd3KlRte86eG9U40ncZ4XA?view_as=subscriber
• Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theway4th/ 
• Kingdom Outpost: https://kingdomoutpost.org/
• My Reading List Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21940220.J_G_Elliot

This episode distinguishes between the source of causation, outside and fatalistic versus internal and self-determined.

Free Will: 

• Free Will Podcast: https://thefreewillshow.com/ 
• Freedom of the Will: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18923116-freedom-of-the-will?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=oh8V1io1tq&rank=1
• What is a Truly Free Will?: https://publicorthodoxy.org/2020/04/24/what-is-a-truly-free-will/
• Freedom and Belief: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1095873.Freedom_and_Belief?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=S1WFFMzcUj&rank=2

Problem of Evil: 

• Malum: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/61246316-malum?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=paPzsluSl5&rank=2
• Wandering in Darkness: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/9777316-wandering-in-darkness?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=4jYGNHzsuT&rank=1
• Consolation of Philosophy: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/31837.The_Consolation_of_Philosophy?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=mDPZQn2ir1&rank=2
• Making Sense Out of Suffering: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/256138.Making_Sense_Out_of_Suffering 
• The Doors of the Sea: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/863944.The_Doors_of_the_Sea?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=SxwkUGiFly&rank=1

A huge thanks to Seth White for the awesome music!

• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/thewayfourth/?modal=admin_todo_tour
• YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTd3KlRte86eG9U40ncZ4XA?view_as=subscriber
• Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theway4th/ 
• Kingdom Outpost: https://kingdomoutpost.org/
• My Reading List Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21940220.J_G_Elliot

Is prayer coherent if we live in a universe with libertarian free will?

Free Will: 

• Free Will Podcast: https://thefreewillshow.com/ 
• Freedom of the Will: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18923116-freedom-of-the-will?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=oh8V1io1tq&rank=1
• What is a Truly Free Will?: https://publicorthodoxy.org/2020/04/24/what-is-a-truly-free-will/
• Freedom and Belief: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1095873.Freedom_and_Belief?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=S1WFFMzcUj&rank=2

Problem of Evil: 

• Malum: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/61246316-malum?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=paPzsluSl5&rank=2
• Wandering in Darkness: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/9777316-wandering-in-darkness?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=4jYGNHzsuT&rank=1
• Consolation of Philosophy: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/31837.The_Consolation_of_Philosophy?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=mDPZQn2ir1&rank=2
• Making Sense Out of Suffering: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/256138.Making_Sense_Out_of_Suffering 
• The Doors of the Sea: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/863944.The_Doors_of_the_Sea?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=SxwkUGiFly&rank=1

A huge thanks to Seth White for the awesome music!

• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/thewayfourth/?modal=admin_todo_tour
• YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTd3KlRte86eG9U40ncZ4XA?view_as=subscriber
• Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theway4th/ 
• Kingdom Outpost: https://kingdomoutpost.org/
• My Reading List Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21940220.J_G_Elliot

I argue that if libertarian free will exists, then practically an infinite amount of universes without evil also exist. We also explore implications for multiverses given the "greatest good" concept.

Free Will: 

• Free Will Podcast: https://thefreewillshow.com/ 
• Freedom of the Will: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18923116-freedom-of-the-will?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=oh8V1io1tq&rank=1
• What is a Truly Free Will?: https://publicorthodoxy.org/2020/04/24/what-is-a-truly-free-will/
• Freedom and Belief: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1095873.Freedom_and_Belief?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=S1WFFMzcUj&rank=2

Problem of Evil: 

• Plantinga's Free Will Defense: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_Plantinga%27s_free-will_defense
• Malum: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/61246316-malum?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=paPzsluSl5&rank=2
• Wandering in Darkness: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/9777316-wandering-in-darkness?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=4jYGNHzsuT&rank=1
• Consolation of Philosophy: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/31837.The_Consolation_of_Philosophy?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=mDPZQn2ir1&rank=2
• Making Sense Out of Suffering: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/256138.Making_Sense_Out_of_Suffering 
• The Doors of the Sea: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/863944.The_Doors_of_the_Sea?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=SxwkUGiFly&rank=1

A huge thanks to Seth White for the awesome music!

• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/thewayfourth/?modal=admin_todo_tour
• YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTd3KlRte86eG9U40ncZ4XA?view_as=subscriber
• Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theway4th/ 
• Kingdom Outpost: https://kingdomoutpost.org/
• My Reading List Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21940220.J_G_Elliot

Does God have a "free" will in the libertarian sense?

Free Will: 

• Free Will Podcast: https://thefreewillshow.com/ 
• Freedom of the Will: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18923116-freedom-of-the-will?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=oh8V1io1tq&rank=1
• What is a Truly Free Will?: https://publicorthodoxy.org/2020/04/24/what-is-a-truly-free-will/
• Freedom and Belief: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1095873.Freedom_and_Belief?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=S1WFFMzcUj&rank=2

Problem of Evil: 

• Malum: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/61246316-malum?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=paPzsluSl5&rank=2
• Wandering in Darkness: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/9777316-wandering-in-darkness?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=4jYGNHzsuT&rank=1
• Consolation of Philosophy: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/31837.The_Consolation_of_Philosophy?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=mDPZQn2ir1&rank=2
• Making Sense Out of Suffering: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/256138.Making_Sense_Out_of_Suffering 
• The Doors of the Sea: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/863944.The_Doors_of_the_Sea?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=SxwkUGiFly&rank=1

A huge thanks to Seth White for the awesome music!

• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/thewayfourth/?modal=admin_todo_tour
• YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTd3KlRte86eG9U40ncZ4XA?view_as=subscriber
• Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theway4th/ 
• Kingdom Outpost: https://kingdomoutpost.org/
• My Reading List Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21940220.J_G_Elliot

Given God's omniscience and an A theory of time, does libertarian free will provide God with a basis for his knowledge?

Episode Links: 

• God Time and Eternity: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1265524.Time_And_Eternity

Free Will: 

• Free Will Podcast: https://thefreewillshow.com/ 
• Freedom of the Will: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18923116-freedom-of-the-will?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=oh8V1io1tq&rank=1
• What is a Truly Free Will?: https://publicorthodoxy.org/2020/04/24/what-is-a-truly-free-will/
• Freedom and Belief: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1095873.Freedom_and_Belief?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=S1WFFMzcUj&rank=2

Problem of Evil: 

• Malum: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/61246316-malum?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=paPzsluSl5&rank=2
• Wandering in Darkness: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/9777316-wandering-in-darkness?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=4jYGNHzsuT&rank=1
• Consolation of Philosophy: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/31837.The_Consolation_of_Philosophy?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=mDPZQn2ir1&rank=2
• Making Sense Out of Suffering: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/256138.Making_Sense_Out_of_Suffering 
• The Doors of the Sea: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/863944.The_Doors_of_the_Sea?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=SxwkUGiFly&rank=1

A huge thanks to Seth White for the awesome music!

• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/thewayfourth/?modal=admin_todo_tour
• YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTd3KlRte86eG9U40ncZ4XA?view_as=subscriber
• Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theway4th/ 
• Kingdom Outpost: https://kingdomoutpost.org/
• My Reading List Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21940220.J_G_Elliot

We explore the concept of free will in light of the inability to do evil in the new Heavens and Earth.

Free Will: 

• Free Will Podcast: https://thefreewillshow.com/ 
• Freedom of the Will: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18923116-freedom-of-the-will?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=oh8V1io1tq&rank=1
• What is a Truly Free Will?: https://publicorthodoxy.org/2020/04/24/what-is-a-truly-free-will/
• Freedom and Belief: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1095873.Freedom_and_Belief?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=S1WFFMzcUj&rank=2

Problem of Evil: 

• Malum: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/61246316-malum?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=paPzsluSl5&rank=2
• Wandering in Darkness: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/9777316-wandering-in-darkness?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=4jYGNHzsuT&rank=1
• Consolation of Philosophy: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/31837.The_Consolation_of_Philosophy?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=mDPZQn2ir1&rank=2
• Making Sense Out of Suffering: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/256138.Making_Sense_Out_of_Suffering 
• The Doors of the Sea: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/863944.The_Doors_of_the_Sea?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=SxwkUGiFly&rank=1

A huge thanks to Seth White for the awesome music!

• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/thewayfourth/?modal=admin_todo_tour
• YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTd3KlRte86eG9U40ncZ4XA?view_as=subscriber
• Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theway4th/ 
• Kingdom Outpost: https://kingdomoutpost.org/
• My Reading List Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21940220.J_G_Elliot