The global race for critical raw materials is shaping the 21st-century geopolitical landscape. As the world transitions to renewable energy and embraces digitization, the demand for materials like lithium, cobalt, nickel, and rare earths has surged. Europe, the United States, and China are key players vying for influence and access to these vital resources, while Latin America and Africa emerge as crucial battlegrounds. This article provides a detailed analysis of the complex interplay between political, economic, environmental, and strategic factors that are shaping the global competition for these critical raw materials.