Every smartphone in our pockets contains billions of transistors, each smaller than a virus. But what if the semiconductor revolution never occurred? In this episode, Boni explores a world where modern computing is still powered by the vacuum tube. We calculate the staggering physical footprint of a "tube-based" iPhone, the impossible power requirements to run it, and the thermal reality of a computer the size of a city. Join us for a deep dive into the massive scale of the microscopic.