We unpack the Hadamard (Schur) product: simple A ∘ B, equal-shaped matrices multiplied entrywise. It’s commutative and, crucially, why PSD matrices stay PSD thanks to the Schur product theorem—giving a stability guarantee for big systems. See how this tiny operation shows up in image masking, JPEG-like processing, and the gate-driven memory of LSTMs/GRUs, and why it's a foundation of fast AI runtimes (NumPy, MATLAB). 

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