In "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame," there is the ugly yet sincere Quasimodo, as well as the hypocritical Claude; there is the brave Esmeralda, alongside the hypocritical Phoebus. The kind and ordinary people, under the rampant rule of the tyrannical church, are weak and helpless. This is precisely the tragedy of fate that Hugo portrays—one that the people cannot escape.