In this first episode of Questionable Treatments we are exploring the history of insane asylums from their origin tied to medieval Almshouses all the way up to what we know from modern horror movies and ghost hunting shows.  We will also be digging into the history of Insulin Shock Therapy, Electroshock Therapy, and the Lobotomy.

All sources referenced can be found below:

https://www.almshouses.org/history-of-almshouses/

https://lambournalmshouses.org/the-history-of-englands-almshouses-from-medieval-origins-to-the-present/

https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/poor-relief-almshouse/

https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/essays/almshouses-poorhouses/

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1470530/

https://trans-alleghenylunaticasylum.com/the-kirkbride-plan/?srsltid=AfmBOoriz56wKeHp3lA7UcRQf7Z0tAu6DID-0LSftP5EndmAw7wlF37_

https://www.mymichigan.org/about/news/healthdoseblog/the-history-of-mental-health-treatment/

https://www.cerebromente.org.br/n04/historia/sakel_i.htm

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/dr-manfred-j-sakel-discoverer-of-insulin-shock-therapy-psychiatry-in-history/A7E933069C3B8206F78F8C316A785AAE

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4291941/

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1949/moniz/biographical/

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Walter-Jackson-Freeman-II

https://www.samhs.org.au/Virtual%20Museum/Medicine/drugs_nonsurg/ect/ect.html#:~:text=The%20heading%20of%20Dr.Birch's,ECT%20machine%20of%20Dr%20Birch

https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co531731/electroconvulsive-therapy-machine

https://litfl.com/history-of-ect/#:~:text=His%20lecture%20outlined%20extensive%20preclinical,and%20seizure%20classification%20(complete%20vs.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11205978/

https://www.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/ajp.156.4.630

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8720400/

https://www.nurokor.com/blog/history-of-bioelectronic-medicine

https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/ajp.116.12.1112-2?download=true

https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2020.160103

Youtube videos

Convulsive therapy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myvMJxJa-Ts&list=PLCqWucufhQaHOe0b_dcvB4ZKYn-MygTIY&index=2

Shock therapy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBuwTpb8wZ8&list=PLCqWucufhQaHOe0b_dcvB4ZKYn-MygTIY

Prefrontal Lobotomy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjPwETslJyc&t=347s