1. Descriptive vs. Prescriptive

• Sources acknowledge historical violent resistance.
• They avoid prescribing when violence is justified.
• No algorithmic “trigger point” exists for moral permission.

2. Conditions of Legitimacy Collapse

• Rights Nullification: Rights exist only formally; exercising them brings punishment.
• Legal Incoherence: Contradictory or vague laws enable arbitrary enforcement.
• Institutional Capture: Courts, elections, and media lose independence.
• Closure of Peaceful Remedies: Lawful avenues for reform are blocked or criminalized.

3. Just War Theory Constraints

• Just Cause: Severe, ongoing violations of basic human rights.
• Last Resort: All non‑violent options exhausted.
• Proportionality: Prevented harm must exceed harm inflicted.
• Probability of Success: Actions that worsen suffering are immoral.

4. Power vs. Violence (Arendt)

• Power: Derived from consent and legitimacy.
• Violence: Emerges when power collapses; can destroy but cannot create legitimacy.
• Historical Pattern: Revolutions often replace one domination system with another.

5. Why Scholars Reject “Triggers”

• A fixed test risks encouraging premature escalation.
• Can legitimize opportunistic or self‑serving violence.
• Undermines moral authority of resistance movements.

6. Bottom Line

• Legitimacy can collapse, and history includes violent struggle.
• But violence is treated as tragic, morally compromising, and never inherently purifying.
• Moral force of resistance comes from transparency, proportionality, and conscience—not coercion.