The expansion of China’s nuclear energy sector and its aggressive strategy to export technology to the Global South through the Belt and Road Initiative. By 2026, China has established itself as a dominant force by offering a "Nuclear-in-a-Box" model that bundles advanced reactor designs with state-backed integrated financing. While Western nations like the United Kingdom have restricted Chinese involvement due to security concerns, countries such as Pakistan, Kazakhstan, and several African nations are increasingly adopting Chinese technology. The reports emphasize that China holds a first-mover advantage with its ACP100 small modular reactor, while Western competitors struggle with high costs and a lack of industrial throughput.

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