Therapeutic options for the treatment of DR and DME have expanded, and advancements in medical imaging technologies provide a wider scope of options for efficient, accurate and reproducible diagnosis and monitoring of ocular conditions. Likewise, diabetes management guidelines and strategies, including pharmacologic treatments and devices, have also evolved, underscoring the importance of cross-disciplinary education and communication, as well as a higher level of participation from the patient. Treatment and management strategies need to be determined that lower the burden of illness, lower the burden of treatment, and enhance outcomes and overall quality of life for patients.